Blessings Of Liberty And Education By Frederick Douglass

Some men know the value of education by having it. I know its value by not having it. –Blessings of Liberty and Education (1894) In Frederick Douglass’ narrative he writes about his childhood memories while he was enslaved including memories from different owners and overseers.He talks about the multiple different plantations he had lived on. He includes his memories of the terrible treatment of his family and fellow slaves as well as memories of being in communications with them. In his narrative, he criticizes many aspects of slavery however he focuses on the inhumanity of slavery. By criticizing the inhumanity of slavery Douglass demonstrates that becoming literate enabled him to discover his self-pride which helped him become a†¦show more content†¦He was realizing how before he had been taught to read he too blind to the injustice that the slave owners put them under. Hugh Auld teaches Douglass why it is so important that a slave must remain ignorant, bec ause if they didn’t understand the oppression that they were under they would feel no need to rebel against the slave owners. Douglass realizes this and thinks to himself. â€Å"Though conscious of the difficulty of learning without a teacher, I set out with high hope, and a fixed purpose, at whatever cost of trouble, to learn how to read †¦ might rely with the utmost confidence on the results which, he said, would flow from teaching me to read† (20) Because he realizes the importance of education Douglass is set on finishing learning to read and write. Despite the struggles he knows he will have to go through to gain his education because to educate a slave is illegal, he believes that it is through becoming literate that he will be able to escape slavery and become a freeman. Douglass demonstrates the importance of his education through being dedicated to teaching himself how to read and write. He discovers the power of education, through Mr. Auld being so dedi cated to prohibiting Douglass to read he is enabled to comprehend the power of education especially in its ability to keep millions of people enslaved. Douglass’ ability to read and write makes it so he is able to discover his self-pride. While Douglass is living with Mr. Auld again heShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreThe Truth : Early American Assumptions Uncovered1572 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions Uncovered The â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states thatRead MoreSlavery And African American Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressed by the chains of slavery, education is a rarity. To oppressors, keeping slaves ignorant is ideal. African-American social reformer, Frederick Douglass, experienced the bondage of slavery and the influence education held in regards to gaining his freedom. Education was a major force for social change with regard to to slavery and African-American rights. Slavery is only possible because of the influence of education. In his autobiography, Frederick Douglass writes of his experience as he gainedRead MoreKey Arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1154 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. One of the key arguments in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. Douglass attempts to show us how AfricanRead MoreFreedom And Liberty By Frederick Douglass948 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups seeking their acceptance into society. Frederick Douglass, an American slave during the 1800s, is one of the first slaves to seek his freedom during this time and goes on to explain how within his novel The Narrative of Frederick Douglass. The idea of freedom, in Douglass’s eyes, changes drastically throughout his story as a slave. He first makes the connection of inequality as a young boy which sets into action a course of events for Douglass to discover what freedom truly is. ThroughoutRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1167 Words   |  5 Pagescolonist forbid the liberty that slaves could have the qualification to attain literacy---fearing that the increase in literacy will oppose a threat on the institute of slavery, the colonist themselves, and emit true political sovereignty. As a result of this mental genocide, slaves had been dependent on their masters. There were exceptions. Slaves were discouraged to acquire critical literacy however, whites forcibly taught the slaves about Christianity. Frederick Douglass, a notable abolitionistRead MoreFrederick Douglass : An Influential Leader Of The Abolitionist Movement1531 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass was born into slavery in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. He moved around many plantations. He was not raised by his parents and he received no education. From the start, Douglass’ life was destined for him to live and die a slave and have no meaningful impact on society. Despite these horrific conditions, Frederick Douglass became one of the most influential leaders of the abolitionist movement. This was largely because of his commitment to self education, his reliance on nonviolenceRead MoreFrederick Do uglass Thesis1344 Words   |  6 PagesIn a Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave written by himself, the author argues that no one can be enslaved if he or she has the ability to read, write, and think. Douglass supports his claim by first providing details of his attempts to earn an education, and secondly by explaining the conversion of a single slaveholder. The author’s purpose is to reveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to gain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. BasedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesblackness as apart of their identity and often experience pain due to society s estimation of their inferiority due to their blackness. The â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† is about how Frederick Douglass overcomes the struggles of slavery. The experience of slavery is a continuous fight for identity and respect. Douglass, as well a s Sophie Auld struggle with identity. In the first paragraph of Douglass’s Narrative, he introduces the audience with his situation: I was born in TuckahoeRead MoreLiterature as Resistance in the Anti-Slavery Movement Essay3309 Words   |  14 Pagesthus hopefully present a convincing anti-slavery argument and to arouse an abolitionist sentiment within her audience. MARIA W. STEWART Maria W. Stewarts Lecture Delivered at Franklin Hall calls for African-Americans to strive for higher education and Christian living. Stewarts writing includes frequent biblical references and has a clearly Christian focus. She was a contributor to William Lloyd Garrisons abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. Stewarts Religion and the Pure Principles of

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The oceans cover a little more than 70 per centum of the Earth surface. This makes it the universes largest solar energy aggregator and energy storage system. On an mean twenty-four hours, 60 million square kilometres if tropical seas absorb and sum of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of world, have depended upon its ability to suppress the forces of nature, and to use these forces to function its demands. Energy engineering is surely one of the most of import factors in the outgrowth of world as the dominant species of this works. The innovation of the practical steam engine by James W, brought about development of big mills, steam ships and the steam engine. First wood was used, so coal. About the same clip, the usage of coal instigated progresss in metallurgy.petroleum from natural ooze has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and sealing. The debut of boring for oil greatly increased the supply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high cogwheel. One job is that the natural ooze is limited and in a few old ages the elements will be used. The development of atomic power was touted as the replies to all world ‘s energy sufferings. It non turned out that manner. The riddance of authorities subsidies for atomic powe r workss has made them rather unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the universe will compose catastrophe for atomic power works The construct of OTEC ( ocean thermal energy transition ) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by Gallic physicist, Jacques arsene 500 arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power installation was non developed until the 1920 ‘s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermic energy transition is an energy engineering that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the ocean ‘s natural thermic gradient, accordingly the temperature difference between the warm surface H2O and the cold deep H2O below 600 meters by about 20’c, an OTEC system can bring forth, a significantly sum of power. The oceans are therefore a huge renewable resource ; with the potency to assist us in the OTEC procedure is besides rich in foods and it can be used to civilization both marine being and works life near the shore or on land The entire inflow of solar energy into Earth is of 1000s of clip as a great as world entire energy usage. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the consequence of the gaining control of solar energy by life of the yesteryear. There have been, any undertakings for tackling solar energy, but most have non been successful because they attempt to capture the energy straight. The thought behind OTEC is the usage of all a natural aggregators, the Se, alternatively of unreal aggregator. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm H2O is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm H2O pump. The H2O is pumped through the boiler, where some of the H2O is used to heat the working fluid, normally propane or some similar stuff. The propane vapor expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that bring forthing electric power. Cold H2O from the underside is pumped through the capacitor, where the vapor returns to the liquid province. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some little fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the H2O through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different sorts of OTEC power workss, the land based and the natation works. First, land based power workss, the land based pilot works will dwell of a edifice. This edifice will incorporate the heat money changers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an tremendous fish farm ( 100 football countries ) by other pipes. Warm H2O is collected through a screened enclosure near to the shop. A long pipe laid on the incline collects cold H2O. Power and fresh H2O are generated in the edifice by the equipment. Used H2O if first circulated in to the marine civilization pool ( fish farm ) and so discharges by the 3rd pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm H2O recess. This is done so that the escape does non reenter the program, since rhenium usage of warm H2O would take down the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power workss is drifting power workss, the drifting power works works in the same mann er as the land based the evident different is that the natation works is drifting. Where really OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anyplace across about 60 million squares kilometers of tropical oceans anyplace there is deep cold H2O lying under warm surface H2O this by and large means between the tropic of malignant neoplastic disease and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface H2O is these parts, warmed by the Sun, by and large stys at 25 grades Celsius or supra. Ocean H2O more than 1000 metres below the surface is by and large at approximately 4 grades C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: unfastened rhythm, closed rhythm and intercrossed rhythm. Closed rhythm Closed rhythm systems use unstable with a low boiling point, such as ammonium hydroxide, to revolve a turbine to bring forth electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea H2O is pumped through a heat money changer where the low boiling H2O point is vaporized. The spread outing vapor turns the turbo generator, so ball, deep saltwater pumped through a 2nd heat money changer condenses the vapor back into a liquid, which is so recycle through the system Open rhythm Open rhythm OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface H2O to do electricity. When warm saltwater is placed in a low force per unit area container, it boils. The spread outing steam drives a low force per unit area turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low force per unit area container, is about pure fresh H2O. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans H2O Hybrid rhythm Hybrid system combines the characteristic of both the closed rhythm an unfastened rhythm system. In a intercrossed system, warm saltwater enters a vacuity chamber where it is brassy evaporated into steam, similar to the unfastened rhythm vaporization procedure. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to bring forth electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the utilizations OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface saltwater and cold H2O from the ocean deepnesss replace fossil fuels to bring forth electricity. Second, its appropriately designed OTEC workss will bring forth small or no C dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can bring forth fresh H2O every bit good as electricity. This is a important adapted in island countries where fresh H2O is limited, other there is adequate solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical ocean ‘s surface bed to supply most, if non all, of present human energy demands and last the usage of OTEC as a beginning of electricity will assist cut down the province about complete dependance on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would be more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC workss must be located were a difference of about 20 ; degree Celsius occurs twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Ocean deepnesss must be available reasonably near to shore based installations for economics operation. Floating works ships could supply more flexibleness. Third, there is no energy company will set money in this undertaking because it merely has been tested in really smell graduated table and last, the building of OTEC workss and lying of pipes in coastal H2O may do localized harm to reefs and near shore Marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most portion, environmentally benign. Although inadvertent escape of closed rhythm working fluids can present a jeopardy, under normal conditions, the lone wastewaters are the assorted saltwater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea H2O is depressurized. Although the measures of outgassed species may be important for big OTEC systems, with the exclusion of C dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a nursery gas and can impact planetary clime ; nevertheless, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less C dioxide than comparable dodo fuel power workss and those emanations may be sequestered easy in the ocean or used to excite marine biomass production. OTEC assorted saltwater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea H2O at the ocean surface. The discharges will besides incorporate high concentrations of foods brought up with the deep sea H2O and may hold a different salt. It is of import ; hence, th at release back into the ocean is conducted in a mode that minimizes unintended alterations to the ocean assorted bed biology and avoids bring oning long-run surface temperature anomalousnesss. Analysiss of OTEC wastewater plumes suggest that discharge at deepnesss of 50-100 m should be sufficient to guarantee minimum impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to prolong open-ocean Mari civilization How to cite Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Essay Topic Drawing from Current Literature Example For Students

Essay Topic: Drawing from Current Literature Drawing from Current Literature, Discuss the Relationship Between Pay and Performance Motivation. By antennas The effectiveness of an organization leans on a lot of forces. One really important force is the work team. The work team is the people who work for the production. So, we can easily understand that to achieve an organization their goals have to collect the right workers (persons who have the right knowledge and skills) for a specific work position and to train them correctly, seeing that the organization use the right systems Of organizing. But there is another important force that he businesses must not forget: its the persons disposition to attribute. We talk about I can and want. A basic part Of managerial executive is to make their collaborators to be in mood to want to attribute. The need of incitement for the workers flow from the incident that the work sometimes may be boring, without interest. The central meaning of the word incitement is the motivation. Motivation is an internal power that becomes from the needs. B. Barbells and G. Steiner appoint the meaning of motivation as an internal state which activate and direct the behavior to objectives, The above definition make us understand hat motivations its a decisive element. There is important to Launderettes that motivations have an immediate relevance with the human behavior and it is much more complex than many people believe. But throughout the motivations we can not explain the human behavior. The humanity has been characterized from a huge number of motivation- needs that specify not only from humans nature, but also from the environment where they live and develop. The point is how hard people strive to understand their work tasks, together with the factors that can have an effect on their hard work. In this report we are going to analyze how pay can be a motivation in a work context and the relationship between pay and performance motivation. The payment for a business has a decisive role. First Of all helps the organization to attract the competent candidates, and after that, to keep them in the business. Secondly, the payment its a very strong force because has a great influence at workers attribution. Payment considers every kind of reward to the worker with exchange his tries to achieve the organization goals. Payment consists of: I _ The immediate economical eve: its about the salaries, wages, and the bonuses. . The indirect economical eve: its about the profits like the payments for vacations, permissions and life safeties. Every kind Of business to have the control Of the labor cost, need to use a clear payment system. All the organizations regardless of the payment system that use strive to some specific Objects: Have competitive wages and salaries, to attract the most suitable candidates. To control the labor costs. To pay good attribution stages. To observe the legislative layouts. To decrease the rates of retirements. The policy of salaries or wages and the payment system for every business ecocide the higher administration. But responsible for that policy (that must be fair, competitive, and prompt the workers) is the human resource management. When a person decides to wo rk the reason why is not only economical but also for their social and psychological needs, But can a person cover his social, physical, psychological needs with his salary? Is the payment equal to his work? The workers estimate their salary as a meter of their good attribution. So we can say that the payment for them its a goal, that they try to achieve, and they are waiting from their managers to recognize their work. However the payment lassies the person to the society. Its a criterion for persons value. As much as a person deserve, so much its his payment. By telling a person deserve we mean his accomplishments: knowledge, experience, skills. All the businesses and usually the private sector, in their try to actuate and reward their workers for a specific result attainment, they provide them motivations and bonuses. Language Literature Coursework: Shakespeare; Romeo Juliet EssayPay can provide a positive motivation it the organization use it in the right way and under the right circumstances. That happens not only because people need money to satisfy their personal needs, but also because money may provide recognition. Furthermore any kind of reward and motivation must reflect the changes in culture that an organization is accept. But in some cases pay may be a strong denominator, if the money package is poorly constructed or the organization are not introduce it, in the right way. For this reason motivations must be clear constructed and quantitative. V-Rutherford, when a motivation system is selected, the organization must identify which point the employees can inflect the measure of performance And if a motivation is furlong then no other motivation will work. That happens because then, the employees feel that their targets it is unattainable. Summing up, in this report, we analyze two really important definitions, and the relationship between them. We talked about pay; a decisive force not only in a work context. Every person determines in a different way the importance of his/ her salary. However, it is clear that everyone via the financial amount that he defeats tend to satisfy some needs. We can classify that needs to basic (for example the survival need) and to personal- psychological (for example the need for recognition or acceptance). Conscious or not, every person classifies him/ her self in a position to the society where he/ she lives proportional to the height of his/ her salary, From the above, we can easily understand how important and complex is tort a cuisines to appoint a persons salary (with base the human element). However, its also important for an organization. First of all, the organization examines the height of the salary, which can offer, proportional to a specific job position, Also, another important term that we analyze is the motivations. A company, usually, introduced a motivation system, strive to the persons maximum productivity. Every business can choose the way of incitement from financial motivations (like bonuses) or benefits (for example the promotion of an employee). In my personal opinion, the extra money is the biggest motivation, and its ally attractive for an employee. For sure every person has different standards and different expectations. Money hasnt the same importance for everyone. Someone may be more interested in important personal elements, which we said before, and that does not mean that this person is not interested in money. Yet, believe that nowadays, even we want to accept it or not, the factor that thrust the person to work is money. Especially, when the company offers rewards to the employees. Then the person may be selfish and more competitive to his, her colleagues than he/ she has to be. I just think that everyone of us can moderate it, with basic advantage the mature. There are also important goods that somebody could strive to his/ her work, such as the development of his/ her knowledge or to work with the task that he/ she likes, regardless of the money. In my opinion, if somebody achieve this, the personal needs and the feelings could be more important than that which could otter him/ her a financial amount. Day by day the environment where we live and develop, make us more materialist. So, it would be really helpful our manipulation, and see more realistic the situation which we create.

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering Essay Example

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering Essay Chemical Engineering and its importance Advertisements Chemical engineering has a number of applications in our day to day lives. This course is offered to students at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Upon the accomplishment of their studies, individuals can apply for jobs with firms of the private or public sector firms. Placement opportunities are available for aspirants within some of the prestigious Indian firms such as Reliance and Indian Oil etc. One can say that this sector is one of the many areas where one can get good jobs as well as other opportunities of the right type. In this article we are going to discuss about the importance of chemical engineering as well as its numerous applications. Importance of Chemical Engineering Areas where chemical engineering is applicable in our day to day lives include: Coal preparation and mineral processing Explosives manufacturing Fertilizer industry Food processing Glass and specialty chemicals Paints Steel and aluminum production In addition to the above mentioned areas, chemical engineering also has applications in production of electronics, clothing, paper and photographic equipment etc. The scope for individuals in the field of chemical engineering is bound to grow in time. This is mainly because of industrial growth as well as the related scarcity of the resources those are required. In future years, chemical engineers will be needed to develop synthetic replacement for those resources as well as materials that are low in supply. In overall, it can be said that chemical engineers will be able to make very crucial contributions to the improvement in addition to the maintenance of the quality of our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Areas where one can apply his knowledge: Although chemical engineering is relatively a new field, this field of engineering has shown a speedy expansion during the last few decades. This has in turn led to rise in importance of chemical engineering as well as the number of jobs. Career opportunities for these professionals are available with RD departments, especially in the field of energy as well in developing fields such as nanotechnology and biotechnology. Chemical Plants Petrochemical Plants Pharmaceuticals Petroleum Refining Plants Mineral Based Industries Electronics Industry Photographic Equipment Units Clothing Units Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Aircraft Industry Some Job Types Supervisor Technical Specialist Project Manager Project Engineer Teacher Researcher Environmental, Safety Regulatory Manager Quality Manager Senior Process Engineer Product Development Engineer Fuel Meter Calibration Technician In the government sector, chemical engineers can find jobs in areas where solutions for environmental problems like recycling, water treatment and others are needed. They can also get work with departments of energy conservation as well as with defense establishments. Sir William Wakeham on the Importance of Chemical Engineering Sep. 06, 2011 Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE more Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE From Reliance Industries’ Mukesh Ambani to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher A Wide Range From Reliance Industries Mukesh Ambani and SABICs Mohammed al-Mady to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher Gallagher, chemical engineers can be found in almost every walk of life. And if you have never heard of Gallagher, you can replace him with Dolph Lundgren, who forewent a career in chemical engineering when he found success as Ivan Drago in the movie Rocky IV). These days, chemical engineering is as diverse as the people who study it, covering areas from biotechnology to mineral processing, and its significance for the chemical industry is now more importa nt than ever. Sir William Wakeham is currently president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), a global professional membership organization for people who have an interest in and relevant experience in chemical engineering. He spoke with Brandi Schuster on how the field has evolved, what IChemE does to encourage students to study chemical engineering and the importance of having chemical engineers in all levels within chemical and pharmaceutical companies. CHEManager Europe: Sir William, the term chemical engineering doesnt have quite the same meaning as maybe 50 years ago. How do you think the profession has evolved? Sir William Wakeham: These days there is much more of a focus on the word process engineering rather than chemical engineering. Often the processes involved are still chemical, but they now encompass many more things than we thought about 50 years ago. These days you have trained chemical engineers working in many process applications that arent necessarily within the traditional realm of the chemical industry. One example of that is within the pharmaceutical business, in formulation engineering. This consists of the construction of pills, which goes hand-in-hand with the drug formulations . That involves quite a lot of chemical engineering, but wouldnt have been thought of as such 50 years ago. Its a similar situation within the water industry. There is a lot of activity which could be considered process engineering, and probably most of the reactions, if there are any, are biological reactions. All in all, I think the term has been broaden quite a bit over the last several decades in order to include many more aspects and technologies. In fact, the term chemical engineer is probably being replaced by process engineer. Is the future of chemical engineering one with a very broad base? Sir William Wakeham: Yes, and in my own experience, trained chemical or process engineers are the kinds of engineers who are most able to work with other disciplines, because they have already quite a breadth in their formation as engineers. That is not quite the same for, lets say, civil engineers whose chemistry training is quite limited. Process engineers have a unique opportunity to bri ng scientists and other engineers together. Most of the big problems that the world is facing are a bit like that; people have to be brought together from different areas. What about diversity within the profession, particularly when it comes to women? Sir William Wakeham: In the UK, total chemical engineering undergraduate numbers are the most positive for womens recruitment of any engineering discipline. In the UK, about 27% of chemical engineering students are women; this is certainly a step in the right direction. What kind of activities does IChemE have to encourage more people to study chemical engineering? Sir William Wakeham: We have an enormous focus on bringing people into chemical engineering courses; this has, at least in the UK, pushed the numbers through the roof. We are particularly interested in attracting women, and one of the key elements of doing that is having women on the staff of chemical engineering departments who do the recruitment. Here in the UK, most departments have a substantial number of women on their faculty. In other areas of the world, such as in the Middle East, there are some cultural issues that are additional difficulty. However, in Malaysia, where we are also active, there are a significant number of women studying chemical engineering now. Apart from its European offices, IChemE is also represented in Asia, Africa and Australasia. Do you work towards promoting chemical engineering for women in these parts of the world as well? Sir William Wakeham: Yes. We have been using our activities in the UK as a basis, but fine-tuning it for the different cultural backgrounds. Clearly what needs to be done in Malaysia is not the same thing as what needs to be one in the UK. Our offices in these areas are usually staffed by local people, which is important for creating an understanding of the countrys needs. What is a chemical engineers role in an oil and gas industry? 2 years ago Report Abuse Shape Shape Best Answer Chosen by Voters This is a very broad question as chemical engineers (as in someone with a chemical engineering degree) can do many different engineering jobs in the oil and gas industry, but othe r engineers can do them as well. For example I know people with mechanical and chemical engineering degrees that are maintenance engineers with the same job responsibilities. The same goes for a drilling fluid engineer which could be held by people of varying background and technical degrees. A chemical engineer can be involved in all parts of the oil and gas industry from building the oil rigs, drilling the wells, pumping it out of the ground, transferring it through pipelines, separating in into usable chemicals in a refinery, and finally making petroleum based products in a chemical plant. Source(s): Chemical Engineer Where Do Chemical Engineers Fit into the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry? By Katie Horner | Comments (8) Before working for an upstream oil company, I was under the impression that chemical engineers working in oil and gas belonged in pipeline and downstream operations. For those of you not in the industry, most large, integrated oil companies consist of an upstream organization and a downstream organization. The former focuses on exploration and production and the latter refines crude petroleum into usable products (gasoline, lubricants, etc. . Within upstream, processes and departments are often separated by subsurface work and surface facility work. Generally, most ChemE’s in upstream are found on the facility side, managing projects related to tanks, pumps, pipelines and separators. Pumping Unit in Bakersfield, Ca You may be asking, what about subsurface? And, can chemical engineers contribute to a traditionally petroleum engineering realm? The a nswer is, most definitely! A reservoir is essentially a large tank filled with porous media and reservoir fluids – oil, gas and water. In order to recover oil or gas from a reservoir, chemical engineering fundamentals such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer must be understood and applied. Petroleum engineering is not an exact science. Precise reservoir boundaries are often unknown, PVT samples are few and far between, recovery mechanisms are sometimes unclear, and original and current oil in place is determined probabilistically. The fact is, it wouldn’t be economical to collect all of the data to make it an exact science. Without having all of the data, oil companies still have been successful in recovering resources thus far. However, we’ve picked the low hanging fruit when it comes to oil and gas resources and are moving toward environments with increased complexity – heavy oil, challenging shale plays, tight gas, deepwater exploration, etc. It’s often said that the best place to find oil is within currently or previously producing reservoirs. As we go back in and try to capture the residual oil, chemical engineering concepts will be critical in designing processes to recover these resources. Many oil or gas recovery mechanisms are well understood, such as waterfloods or gas cap expansion. Fortunately for our profession, there are areas, such as steam and polymer floods, that still need the keen eyes of engineers to model and optimize. As we attempt to tackle the current global energy challenges, oil and gas will continue to be a key factor in the equation. While the focus of many chemical engineering graduates is in alternative energy solutions, there are still plenty of opportunities for a chemical engineer to make an impact in the world of upstream oil and gas.

benito essays

benito essays Benito Mussolini, the great fascist dictator of Italy during World War II was a leader people changed their views on. Benito Mussolini was a leader that people changed their feelings from love to hate in a matter of no time at all. Benito Mussolini rise and fall of power happened in a sequence of lousing power from alliances than his own people. Ben (short for Benito) founded the Fasci di Combattimento on March of 1919. This was a nationalistic, anti liberal, and anti socialist movement. This movement attracted mainly the lower class. (1). Fascism was spreading across Europe. Ben was winning sympathy from king Victor Emmanuel III. Ben with the support of his party threatened to march on Rome. This persuaded King Victor Emmanuel III to invite Mussolini to join a coalition, which strongly helped Ben gain more power. This was Bens first step to his rise of power. With so much power that Ben had and his country at his back he started to do things similar to what Hitler was doing. Ben brought Austria on Germanys side by a formal alliance. In 1937, he accepted a German alliance. The name of this alliance was the Anti Comntern Pact. On April 13, 1937 Benito Mussolini annexed Albania. He then told the British ambassador that no even the bribe of France and North Africa would keep him neutral. (2). The British ambassador was appalled and dismayed. This part of his political career helped his rise to more power. On May 28, 1937, Mussolini strongly gave though to declaring war. He then attacked the Riviera across the Maritime. On September13, 1937 he opened ann offensive into British-Garrisoned Egypt from Libya. (3) with support from his people he still was on the up side of things. On October 4, 1937, Ben met with his friend Adolph Hitler at the Brenner Pass. There they discussed the war in the Mediterranean, Britains principal foothold outside its island base...

Proofreading from Hard Copy

Proofreading from Hard Copy Proofreading from Hard Copy Proofreading from Hard Copy By Guest Author Few people now (with the possible exception of poets) write on paper. For most of us, our thoughts take shape on screen, and our words exist as magnetic patterns on disk, rendered as phosphor dots, or the flat screen equivalent. Sometimes thats the final form of the writing. Its destined for the Web or another online destination, and may never exist in permanent form. Of course, it has not always been this way. The only way of reading words, until recently was through marks on a writing surface such as paper, sometimes referred to derisively by techno-nerds as sliced dead trees. This is the way we all learned to read, and many people still recommend proofreading long pieces of writing using printed output, since it comes more naturally to most than screen-based checking. For any long pieces of writing (long being over 1,000 words), I almost always print out my documents and sit down with a red pencil, away from the computer. Ive picked up some basic ideas in the course of years to deal with the problem of proofreading from paper. Some may work for you, some may not. Use Courier, or some other non-proportional typeface. Mistakes (especially punctuation errors) often seem to show themselves more often when your writing appears in this form. Dont try to lay the piece out in its final format concentrate on the words, not the appearance. Print out your work double-spaced, and leave wide margins at left and right for comments and corrections. Number the pages, especially if you print double-sided. Dont make the corrections on the computer as you find them. Move away from the computer, or at least close the file. When you have finished proofreading the entire piece, make the corrections on the computer, crossing them off on paper as you go. Read your work out loud. It forces a higher level of concentration than silent reading. Use a red (or at least a color other than black) pen or pencil to mark up your text. When you come to make the corrections on the computer, use another color (say blue) to check off the corrections as you make them. Take the trouble to learn the standard proofreading signs and symbols. It means that you will be able to work on other peoples work, and they on yours when necessary. For proofreading (i.e. basic spell-checking in context), read backwards (i.e. from the bottom of the page upwards). Since the words come in an unfamiliar and unnatural order, you are more likely to find mistakes than if you read forwards and read what you expect to see, instead of whats already there. As I say, you may not find that all these work for you, but all are worth trying at least once. Hugh Ashton was born in the UK, and now lives in Kamakura, Japan, where he has lived for 21 years. He works as a writer and journalist, specializing in IT- and financial-related work. His first novel, Beneath Gray Skies, an alternate history novel dealing with a Confederacy in the 1920s, is available through Amazon, etc. Details here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 1A While vs AwhileNarrative, Plot, and Story

Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Evidence-Based Practice - Essay Example The client has osteoarthritis that has manifested in both knees. Mr. Miller reports mild elevation in his blood pressure to averaging 160/94 mmHg during his past two visits. The patient is a regular searches of the internet for answers to his health care questions, with his wife encouraging him to take megadoses of fish oil for his heart and vitamin E. St John’s Wort to help him cease smoking, and glucosamine for his knees, based on health care information gained through internet searches. Proactive approach in individualized health care concern has been on the rise with Mr. Miller portraying a typical example of such a patient. Through the internet and computer technology, patients today have unprecedented access to information about their diagnoses and treatment options. Challenges may however manifest in an event that patients do not fully understand the material they read or are influenced in their decision-making by inadequate or inaccurate information (Jennifer, 2010). In the united states and in the global market, there has been a contemporary use of over-the-counter medications and natural botanicals in particular are associated with significant problems including: commonly held but incorrect assumptions about a product or agent; a lack of oversight and regulation resulting in products with claims without substantiation; and problems with the product itself including side effects and interactions with other drugs, Unknown active ingredients of varying dilution and potentially contaminated products (Jennifer, 2010). In an intrinsic manner, this paper will analyze clinician-patient communication strategies; drawing inference for the use of Mr. Miller’s choice of OTC formulations and medication available to aid smoking cessation; in summary, the paper will propose a multivariate strategy care plan to address Mr. Miller’s health problems. Inferring to his educational

The Different Strategy Hierarchies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Different Strategy Hierarchies - Essay Example One of the organizations known to practice hierarchy management strategy is the Al-Qaida rebel groups. Â  Organizations deploy different strategies as a way of enhancing their competitiveness in the industry. It is not a surprise that many organizations are still committed to hierarchy management strategy where key strategic decisions are conceived at the head-quarter by the top management organs while the execution of the tasks is delegated to lower levels. According to Williamson (1975; pp.67), social organization is not achievable in without hierarchy in the social set-up. He argued that hierarchy is fundamental in reducing the transaction costs. Since firms operate on a cost-minimization principle, the hierarchy is key to cost efficiency. Grint (2010; pp.43) asserts that for symbolic reasons, the hierarchy is critical since it is founded on the connotation orders of the Holy Sovereignty. Child (2009; pp.502) reasoned that organizational hierarchy is an integrating principle that enhances collective goal orientation and strategy for distributing privileges through the creation of social differentiation in power, status, and reward. Â  This hierarchy mode deviates from the traditional hierarchy that rooted for coercive and authoritative leadership and management styles characterized by top decision makers. Although it retains a few features of Tayloristic flavor, it is more enabling and also revises a number of clauses in Taylorism such as obedient execution by the employees. Porous-hierarchy, therefore, deviates from the traditional and dominant version that is founded on hierarchical power and bureaucracies.

Homosexuality and God Essay Example for Free

Homosexuality and God Essay LGBT is an initialism that collectively refers to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. In use since the 1990s, the term LGBT is an adaptation of the initialism LGB, which itself started replacing the phrase gay community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s, which many within the community in question felt did not accurately represent all those to whom it referred. The initialism has become mainstream as a self-designation and has been adopted by the majority sexuality and gender identity-based community centers and media in the United States and some other English-speaking countries. The term LGBT is intended to emphasize a diversity of sexuality and gender identity-based cultures and is sometimes used to refer to anyone who is non-heterosexual or cisgender instead of exclusively to people who are homosexual, bisexual, or transgender. To recognize this inclusion, a popular variant adds the letter Q for those who identify as queer and/or are questioning their sexual identity as LGBTQ, recorded since 1996. In Malaysia, LGBT rights are partially recognized. LGBT individuals encompass all races and ethnicities, religions, and social classes. Sexual orientation and gender identity questions are not asked on most national or State surveys, making it difficult to estimate the number of LGBT individuals and their health needs. Research suggests that LGBT individuals face health disparities linked to societal stigma, discrimination, and denial of their civil and human rights. Discrimination against LGBT persons has been associated with high rates of psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and suicide. Experiences of violence and victimization are frequent for LGBT individuals, and have long-lasting effects on the individual and the community. Personal, family, and social acceptance of sexual orientation and gender identity affects the mental health and personal safety of LGBT individuals. It is important to recognize the difference between sexual orientation and sexual behavior as well as the differences among sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender role. Sexual orientation is the affectional or loving attraction to another person. It can be considered as ranging along a continuum from same-sex attraction only at one end of the continuum to pposite-sex attraction only at the other end. Heterosexuality is the attraction to persons of the opposite sex; homosexuality, to persons of the same sex; and bisexuality, to both sexes. Sexual orientation can be seen as part of a continuum ranging from same-sex attraction only (at one end of the continuum) to opposite-sex attraction only (at the other end of the continuum). Sexual behavior, or sexual activity, differs from sexual orientation and alone does not define someone as an LGBT individual. Any person may be capable of sexual behavior with a person of the same or opposite sex, but an individual knows his or her longings—erotic and affectional—and which sex is more likely to satisfy those needs. It is necessary to draw a distinction between sexual orientation and sexual behavior. Not every person with a homosexual or bisexual orientation is sexually active. A person’s sexual orientation does not tell us if she/he is sexually active or does it define her /his specific sexual behaviors. Similarly, sexual behavior alone does not define orientation. A personal awareness of having a sexual orientation that is not exclusively heterosexual is one way a person identifies herself or himself as an LGBT person. Or a person may have a sexual identity that differs from his or her biological sex—that is, a person may have been born a male but identifies and feels more comfortable as a female. Sexual orientation and gender identity are two independent variables in an individual’s definition of himself or herself. Sexual identity is the personal and unique way that a person perceives his or her own sexual desires and sexual expressions. Biological sex is the biological distinction between men and women. Gender is the concept of maleness and masculinity or femaleness and femininity. One’s gender identity is the sense of one’s self as male or female and does not refer to one’s sexual orientation or gender role. Sex refers to the biological characteristics of a person at birth, while gender relates to his or her perception of being male or female and is known as the gender role. Gender role refers to the behaviors and desires to act in certain ways that are viewed as masculine or feminine by a particular culture. A culture usually labels behaviors as masculine or feminine, but these behaviors are not necessarily a direct component of gender or gender identity. It is common in our culture to call the behaviors, styles, or interests shown by males that are usually associated with women â€Å"effeminate† and to call the boys who behave this way â€Å"sissies. Women or girls who have interests usually associated with men are labeled â€Å"masculine† or â€Å"butch,† and the girls are often called â€Å"tomboys. † Transsexuals are people with the biological characteristics of one sex who identify themselves as the opposite gender and have had some type of surgical alteration and/or hormone treatments that changes their bodies’ appearance in alignment with their identity. While understanding the various concepts used in sexual orientation in general, it is very imperative to define in specific details definition of LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender) accordingly. Lesbian which is originally a Greek word, is a term most widely used in the English language to describe sexual and romantic desire between females. The word may be used as a noun, to refer to women who identify themselves or who are characterized by others as having the primary attribute of female homosexuality, or as an adjective, to describe characteristics of an object or activity related to female same-sex desire. Lesbian as a concept, used to differentiate women with a shared sexual orientation, is a 20th-century construct. Gay is a romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward/between males. Gay is a word (a noun or an adjective) that primarily refers to a homosexual person. The word gay arrived in English during the 12th century from Old French gai, most likely deriving ultimately from a Germanic source. The term was originally used to refer to feelings of being carefree, happy, or bright and showy; it had also come to acquire some connotations of immorality as early as 1637. The terms use as a reference to homosexuality may date as early as the late 19th century, but its use gradually increased in the 20th century. In modern English, gay has come to be used as an adjective, and as a noun, referring to the people, especially to men, and the practices and cultures associated with homosexuality. By the end of the 20th century, the word gay was recommended by major LGBT groups and style guides to describe people attracted to members of the same sex. Bisexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior toward males and females. The term is especially used in the context of human sexual attraction to denote romantic or sexual feelings toward men and women. It is one of the three main classifications of sexual orientation, along with a heterosexual and a homosexual orientation, all a part of the heterosexual–homosexual continuum. People who have a distinct but not exclusive sexual preference for one sex over the other may identify themselves as bisexual. Transgender is a general term applied to a variety of individuals, behaviors, and groups involving tendencies to vary from culturally conventional gender roles. Transgender is the state of ones gender identity (self-identification as woman, man, neither or both) not matching ones assigned sex (identification by others as male, female or intersex based on physical/genetic sex). †Transgender does not imply any specific form of sexual orientation; transgender people may identify as heterosexual, homosexual, bisexual, pansexual, polysexual, or asexual; some may consider conventional sexual orientation labels inadequate or inapplicable to them. The precise definition for transgender remains in flux, but includes: Of, relating to, or designating a person whose identity does not conform unambiguously to conventional notions of male or female gender roles, but combines or moves between these. People who were assigned a sex, usually at birth and based on their genitals, but who feel that this is a false or incomplete description of themselves. Non-identification with, or non-presentation as, the sex (and assumed gender) one was assigned at birth. A transgender individual may have characteristics that are normally associated with a particular gender, identify elsewhere on the traditional gender continuum, or exist outside of it as other, agender, Genderqueer, or third gender. Sexuality and gender have different impacts in each culture’s laws, attitudes, and organizations. More secular and â€Å"modernized† societies often have more favorable treatment of LGBT individuals than societies which value tradition and r eligious piety. However, accurate generalizations are difficult to make; even within Malaysia, attitudes towards LGBT individuals vary from person to person. Cultural differences in LGBT issues have wide-ranging effects. Other cultures may have different ways of expressing affection—for example, in India, it is common for same-sex friends to hold hands without any assumption of a romantic connection—or of categorizing gender and sexuality—for example, in parts of Latin America, a man is not considered gay if he engages in same-sex intercourse as the insertive artner. Thus, American English terms and conceptualizations of LGBT issues may not directly translate. The visibility of LGBT individuals and organizations varies by culture. Some cultures have an underground LGBT scene where LGBT individuals are tolerated as long as they remain mainly closeted, whereas other cultures may have a more open and organized community of LGBT individuals. In addition, some cultures may provide legal protection for LGBT individuals and recognize their partnerships, while other cultures may criminalize same-sex intercourse. Globally in some country; For example in Malaysia, Cross-dressing(Gender identity/expression) is not technically a crime. However, transgender individuals have often been arrested by police officers under the civil laws governing public indecency, and if they are Muslim, can be further charged by religious officers under Sharia Laws for impersonating women. For example, in 1998, Forty-five Muslim transvestites were charged and convicted in court for dressing as women, and twenty-three more transgender persons faced similar fines and imprisonment in 1999. Finally, there may be major differences within the LGBT community in a specific culture; for example, in parts of southeastern Asia it is considered culturally acceptable for a man to have sex with a feminine transgendered man, while there are no such provisions for women having sex with transgendered women. Homosexuality: The Christian Perspective (LESBIAN, GAY Bisexuality) In a world of moral confusion and ethical compromise, the principles for which the Holy Bible stands, is directing the Christians in the right path to God and the way of life. The Christian point of view is based solely upon the Bible, the divinely inspired Word of God. A truly Christian standard of ethics is the conduct of divine revelation, not of statistical research or of public opinion. For the Christian, the Bible is the final authority for both belief and behaviour. The Explicitly the Bible teach about homosexuality can be considered as basic because, if we accept Gods Word on the subject of homosexuality, we benefit from His adequate answer to this problem as seen in Christianity. This project is concerned only with the Christian or biblical view of homosexuality. The Bible has much to say about sex sins in general for a view in Homosexuality in Christian perspective. First, there is adultery. Adultery in the natural sense is sexual intercourse of a married person with someone other than his or her own spouse. It is condemned in both the Old and New Testaments (Exodus 20:14; I Cor. 6:9, 10). Christ forbids dwelling upon the thoughts, the free play of ones imagination that leads to adultery (Matthew 5:28). Second, there is fornication, the illicit sex acts of unmarried persons which is likewise forbidden (I Corinthians 5:1; 6:13, 18; Ephesians 5:3). Then there is homosexuality which likewise is condemned in Scripture. The Apostle Paul, writing by inspiration of the Holy Spirit, declares that homosexuality shall not inherit the kingdom of God (I Corinthians 6:9; 10). Now Paul does not single out the homosexual as a special offender. He includes fornicators, idolators, adulterers, thieves, covetous persons, drunkards, revilers and extortioners. And then he adds the comment that some of the Christians at Corinth had been delivered from these very practices: And such were some of you: But ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the spirit of our God (I Corinthians 6:11). All of the sins mentioned in this passage are condemned by God, but just as there was hope in Christ for the Corinthians, so is there hope for all of us. Homosexuality is an illicit lust forbidden by God. He said to His people Israel, Thou shalt not lie with mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination (Leviticus 18:22). If a man also lie with mankind, as he lieth with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination: they shall surely be put to death; their blood shall be upon them (Leviticus 20:13). In these passages homosexuality is condemned as a prime example of sin, a sexual perversion. The Christian can neither alter Gods viewpoint nor depart from it. In the Bible sodomy is a synonym for homosexuality. God spoke plainly on the matter when He said, There shall be no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel (Deuteronomy 23:17). The whore and the sodomite are in the same category. A sodomite was not an inhabitant of Sodom nor a descendant of an inhabitant of Sodom, but a man who had given himself to homosexuality, and the unnatural vice for which Sodom was known. Let us look at the passages in question: â€Å"But before they lay down, the men of the city, even the men of Sodom, compassed the house around, old and young, all the people from every quarter: And they called unto Lot, and said unto him, Where are the men hich came in to thee this night? Bring them out unto us, that we may know them. And Lot went out at the door unto them, and shut the door after him, And said, I pray you, brethren, do not so wickedly. Behold now, I have two daughters which have not known man; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto you, and do ye to them as is good in your eyes: only unto these men do nothing; for therefore came they under the shadow of my roof. (Genesis 19:4-8)† The Hebrew word for know in verse 5 is yada `, a sexual term. It is used frequently to denote sexual intercourse (Genesis 4:1, 17, 25; Matthew 1:24, 25). The message in the context of Genesis 19 is clear. Lot pled with the men to do not so wickedly. Homosexuality is wickedness and must be recognized as such else there is no hope for the homosexual who is asking for help to be extricated from his sinful way of life. Romans 1:24-27; I Timothy 1:10 and Jude 7. If one takes these Scriptures seriously, homosexuality will be recognized as an evil. The Romans passage is unmistakably clear. Paul attributes the moral depravity of men and women to their rejection of the truth of God (1:25). They refused to retain God in their knowledge (1:28), thereby dethroning God and deifying themselves. The Old Testament had clearly condemned homosexuality but in Pauls day there were those persons who rejected its teaching. Because of their rejection of Gods commands He punished their sin by delivering them over to it. The philosophy of substituting Gods Word with ones own reasoning commenced with Satan. He introduced it at the outset of the human race by suggesting to Eve that she ignore Gods orders, assuring her that in so doing she would become like God with the power to discern good and evil (Genesis 3:1-5). That was Satans big lie. Paul said that when any person rejects Gods truth, his mind becomes reprobate, meaning void of sound judgment. The reprobate mind, having rejected Gods truth, is not capable of discerning good and evil. In Romans 1:26-31 twenty-three punishable sins are listed with homosexuality leading the list. Paul wrote, For this cause God gave them up into vile affections: for even their women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: And likewise also the men, leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another; men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving in themselves that recompense of their error which was meet. † (Romans 1:26, 27). These verses are telling us that homosexuals suffer in their body and personality the inevitable consequences of their wrong doing. Notice that the behaviour of the homosexual is described as a vile affection (1:26). The Greek word translated vile (atimia) means filthy, dirty, evil, and dishonourable. The word affection in Greek is pathos, used by the Greeks of either a good or bad desire. Here in the context of Romans it is used in a bad sense. The vile affection is a degrading passion, a shameful lust. Both the desire (lusting after) and the act of homosexuality are condemned in the Bible as sin.

A Critical Analysis of Wind By Ted Hughes Essay -- Papers Essays

A Critical Analysis of Wind By Ted Hughes Hughes's opening line is sculpted in such a way that it gives the reader an abundance of sensations. The poet achieves amazing efficiency in the line "far out at sea all night" in that the reader is exposed to distance, time and environment. The metaphor of the house being "out at sea" projects the image of a boat "far out" feeling totally isolated. The house faces wave upon wave of inexhaustible pounding from the wind as a boat would from an enraged sea. The time scale of "all night" could literally mean all night or it may refer to the perception that the wind is so acutely intense that it feels prolonged. The words "crashing", "booming" and "stampeding elevate the wind to one of biblical proportions which sounds like an orchestra thumping out a killer crescendo. The line "stampeding the fields" accentuate the brutality of the wind attacking the natural surroundings. In keeping with the oceanic metaphor the house "floundering" evokes a sense futility. The alliteration in "black" and "blinding" impose emphasis upon the words and a heightened sense of awareness in the reader. The second stanza is a witness to the winds legacy. The magnitude of the winds power is illustrated with "the hills had new places". The ultimate measure of the winds potency is that its changed the environment which we would normally imagine reassuringly permanent. The personification in the "wind wielded blade-light" makes the wind dangerous and randomly spiteful. I think the " black and emerald, flexing like the lens of a mad eye" refers back to the sea metaphor in the first stanza. A stormy sky like a stormy ... ...e last two lines of the poem Hughes writes the "window tremble to come in" and "stones cry out". The personification in "tremble" and "cry" show that even inanimate objects are displaying signs of fear and distress. The theme for the poem is ultimate respect for nature's weapons and total humility for anything caught in the conflict. In some instances respect turns to terror as if hiding from an omnipotent tyrant. The structure of the poem is consistent throughout with six stanzas of equal length. Hughes uses a lot of alliteration to break up the reading fluency to reflect the choppy subject of the poem. Hughes's use of metaphor skilfully illustrate the scale and nature of the wind whilst drawing attention to the way the wind exploits the delicacy of the surroundings we usually consider so dependably solid.

Things Are Not Always What They Seem

Thursday, September , 2011. This marks the start date of the Class of 2011's first and last full year at Oxbow Prairie Horizons School (OPHS), the new K-12 school in Oxbow, Saskatchewan. It's an absolutely gorgeous facility, complete with a large gym (equipped with top-of-the-line sound and lighting systems), integrated program for the functionally challenged students, large foyer, kitchen and even an extra gym. The building is plenty big and even has removable classrooms, but every rose has its thorn, right? Or in OPHS' case, thorns. Shortly after starting the 2011-2012 school term, and even shortly after moving into the school in March? of 2011, many staff and students have noticed a few glitches (so to speak) in the system. At first, small, piddly details that we can easily deal with (overcome? ). Like the room design of the biology, chemistry and physics labs where bulletin boards are blocked by the teachers' desk and computer or even by entire counters. Like in the canteen, we were lucky enough to have beautiful cupboards installed to store our merchandise, but when it came time to actually sell it/them, students were unable to see the products anyways. So, in turn, the cupboard doors were taken off completely. Eventually, the small problems began to arise more suspicions and more noticeable and elaborate ones were recognized. Toilets in the washrooms began to constantly flush, some having to be manuallly shut off. The office in the shop has no windows, it is just a small room enclosed of cement. The parking lot is poorly designed. Trying to see around parked vehicles to hitting oncoming ones is hard and it is nearly impossible to maneuver large vehicles around at all. The buses drop students off half a block from the main entrances and when students do enter the school, depending on the weather, are required to move outdoor shoes because the parking lot is either muddy, full of water, or both. Which is not only a bother to our janitors but also to visitors, who trip over shoes trying to enter the building. Wireless internet was the first of many large problems to be noticed by the students. They were told that if you have a class where you will be using laptops and it is a larger class, to bring a personal laptop to work on as there may not be enough laptops for everyone. So, some did, until they told that the principal wasn't given a password to the school's public Wi-Fi network and they were unable to do homework and sassingments anyways. Even now, after Mr. Petlak has been given the password and used it on student's computers, they are unable to access certain sites due to them being blocked. Sites that students use to complete and accomplish tasks and assignments. Why? Because staff at OPHS are unable to control this. It is government workers in either Weyburn or Regina that do. The base temperature of OPHS is, put simply, freezing. During September, where it can be twenty degrees celsius and above, most staff and students were already wearing sweaters and jackets to class. Which, in retrospect, is not uncommon for Oxbow. In the old high school, anyone working in the building would be wearing jackets, touques and mittens, unless you were in the science labs or the main office. There you would wear shorts, tank tops and flip flops. But with the excitment of the Horizons School close to being fully built, came the realization that we could actually wear seasonal appropriate clothing to school. Or so we thought. Now, in the new school, we freeze pretty well everywhere. With the exception of the Sr. Computer Lab, main office and the canteen (which are all normal temperatures), staff and students are still needing to wear layers and even haul blankets form class to class. Why? This is because of the poor commmunictation between our school and Weyburn, where they then decide whether or not to contact Regina to turn up the heat in jsut one particular room. Which, after the first few attmepts of doing so, we were told to use the thermostats located in each classroom. These allow teachers the ability to raise or lower the room temperature by 3 degrees. That's it. In one area of the school there is actually cold air being blown throughout its rooms. But for us to fix this, we must flip a breaker. Instead of simply pushing a button on a thermostat to raise the temperature, we are required to issue a complaint to the Weyburn office, who then decide whether it is a big enough deal to report to the office in Regina. And apparently, it isn't a problem for us to freeze. All of these problems can relate back to the fact that Oxbow has no power against the authority offices in Regina and Weyburn. We are not able to decide the climate of our classrooms, who has access to use our internet or even who is allowed put a screw in the wall to hang a picture. We are by no means, allowed to. A government office in that is 150-250 kilometers away makes the decision of what is and is not allowed. People who have no idea what goes on in our school, who attends or works there, what we are like or even where Oxbow is, has that discretion. Yes, our old school's had a very large laundry list: plumbing, heating, electrical and just overall renovating. This article is not set out to complain about our new school. We were in much need of a new facility and are greatly appreciative for the effort, time and hard work that were pput into building it. But, with that said, I find it hard to comprehend how certain, seemingly common sense issues are ignored. The new school in Oxbow has heightened the school's many previous strengths such as atheletics, drama, academics and even the staff and students as individuals. This school also has its negative effects though. And it is the students that are being effected. The future depends on them. So why does it have to be such a struggle to give them a proper learning environment? Teagan Loppe

Belong Speech †As You Like It and The Kite Runner Essay

John O’Donohue once said ‘the hunger to belong is not merely a desire to be attached to something. It is rather sensing that great transformation and discovery become possible when belonging is sheltered and true. ’ Many individuals desire to belong and so forge connections with others through a variety of different vehicles, be it filial relationships or friendships. Shakespeare’s play As You Like It and Khaled Hosseini’s novel The Kite Runner explore the developing of one’s sense of self, by establishing meaningful relationships, which are a conduit for one to find a sense of belonging. Familial relationships contribute towards one’s sense of belonging, as they shape a person’s identity and can result in personal fulfilment and growth. Conversely, disconnection between family relationships can cause confusion and isolation. Shakespeare’s play, As You Like It, analyses the ramifications of dysfunctional family relationships on one’s sense of belonging. Through animalistic imagery and hyperbole, Orlando describes his brother’s treatment of him as differing not from the â€Å"stalling of an ox† deeming it an assault on his identity. His disjointed syntax and truncated sentence structures, â€Å"it was upon this fashion bequeathed me by will but poor a thousand crowns†, further convey his confusion and frustration, which stem from severed familial relationships, thus highlighting how severed familial relationships stimulate a lack of belonging. In contrast to the antagonism brewing between the brothers at outset of the novel, they are reunited when Orlando asserts their filial connection, saving Oliver from a lion at his own risk. Oliver’s use of past and present tense, â€Å"was I, but tis not I†, conveys his personal transformation as a result of their connection. The humble tone of this dialogue reinforces the restoration of their relationship due the brother’s reconciliation, resulting in a strong connection and sense of belonging. The restoration of Orlando and Oliver’s relationships broadened my understanding of belonging in that there is often a profound compulsion to belong, even when one may resist it. The radical transformation in Oliver, exemplifies the notion that family relationships have a profound impact on one’s sense of belonging and identity, by affecting their ability to connect with others. Like in As You Like It, the main character in Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, experiences isolation as a result of the breakdown of family relationships. The silent animosity between father and son, resulting from their strong differences, highlights the tension that exists between them. Like Orlando and Oliver, constant conflict is intertwined within their relationship, as Baba does not approve of Amir’s interest in reading and writing. Baba’s short sentences and hesitant tone, â€Å"(He)†¦ gave a thin smile (of)†¦ feigned interest† illustrates the disconnection between Baba and Amir. This is furthered through Baba’s use of tag questions, â€Å"’Well, that’s very good, isn’t it? ‘ he said†, which reinforces his lack of interest in his son. While Amir expresses a profound sense of respect towards his father, he often describes his father as viewing the world as ‘black and white’. The binary opposition and colour symbolism of black and white symbolically reflects the tension between the two characters, and their inability to relate to one another, resulting in disconnection and a lack of belonging. Amir concludes with ‘you can’t love a person who lives that way without fearing him†¦ even hating him a little’. The use of first person narration, combined with colloquial language evokes feelings of empathy from the reader towards Amir, as they it allows them a deeper understanding of the emotional ramifications of the strained relationship on Amir. Amir’s emotional tone and body language, combined with the vivid imagery in the simile, â€Å"I flinched, like I’d been slapped. My heart sank†¦Ã¢â‚¬  effectively highlights his strong desire to belong with his father. The constant yearning for affection in the book was very insightful as demonstrated to me the extent of the innate human desire to belong. It can thus be concluded that filial relationships are an important factor in determining a person’s sense of belonging as one’s self-esteem and identity can only be cultivated within the close emotional bondage that only family offers. Relationships between friends are another factor that contributes towards one’s sense of belonging as such relationships aid in fulfilling the innate human desire to connect with others and be a part of something greater than one’s self. In ‘As You Like It’ there is a strong connection between Rosalind and Celia despite the conflicts that exists between their families. Celia’s affectionate tone and repetition, â€Å"my sweet Rose, my dear Rose†, coupled with her use of the possessive adjective â€Å"my† epitomizes the strong connection between them. Their immutable connection is affirmed through classical allusions and asyndeton, â€Å"We still have slept together,.. learned, played, eaten together†¦ like Juno’s swans coupled and inseparable,† The visual imagery of unity as well as virtuous symbolism is significant and challenges the notion of sexual promiscuity as suggested by the Dukeâ€Å"thus do all traitors. The strength of their connection is also conveyed in Celia’s insistence that her father â€Å"pronounce (Rosalind’s) sentence on me†¦ I cannot live out of her company†. The hyperbole and high modality language highlights Celia’s allegiance and loyalty towards Rosalind. Though exiled form the court, Rosalind’s stable and supportive relationship with Celia enables her to maintain her sense of identity and confidence, regardless of her circumstances and external environment. Because of this, it is clear that strong friendships act as a conduit to finding a strong sense of belonging and confidence, allowing individuals to experience security and fulfilment even within adverse circumstances. Similarly, in ‘The Kite Runner’, symbols and metaphors are used to visually represent Amir and Hassan’s friendship, and to present the message of true and loyal friendship in an impacting way. Kites are used as a motif to represent the freedom of and strong bond between the two boys, both at the beginning and end of the novel. Under the Taliban regime, kite flying was banned, symbolically representing the lack of freedom in Kabul, which paralleled Amir and Hassan’s disintegrating relationship due to a loss of innocence. Kites also symbolise the brotherhood and friendship between the two of them, particularly as they would often build kites together ‘sav(ing) (their) weekly allowance in the fall’. This simplifies the innocence and love between the two of them, increasing the impact of their bond. Symbolism allows for a deeper understanding of Amir and Hassan’s friendship, which shows that they belong to each other. The use of kite flying and kite running is also used to show the class distinction between Amir and Hassan and to show how minute and irrelevant hierarchy is compared to the bond of friendship. Even though Hassan is constantly referred to as the â€Å"slave†, Amir holds enough respect to forge and connect with Hassan. The demeaning value of the colloquial term, in turn demonstrates the depth and strength of their friendship. Through the use of metaphors and symbolism, the notion of unbiased friendship, is shown throughout the play which contributes towards the boys sense of belonging. Amir’s exclamation â€Å"You’re the brother I never had†, which, due to Hassan’s â€Å"slave† status would have been affront to the ropriety of the time, highlights how relationships can break down socially constructed barriers, enabling a strong sense of belonging and fulfilment. Overall, all both texts highlight the vital role that relationships play in terms of belonging and not belonging. As demonstrated through the relationships of Amir and his father, and Orlando and Oliver, it is clear that dysfunctional familial relationships and broken friendships can cause conflict and isolation. On the other hand, as seen in Celia and Rosalind and Amir and Hassan, a strong connection between individuals can lead to fulfilment, contentment, and a strong sense of belonging.

How to Hire a Ghostwriter You Trust (in 10 Simple Steps)

How to Hire a Ghostwriter You Trust (in 10 Simple Steps) How to Find a Ghostwriter You'll Love (in 10 Simple Steps) Last updated: 3/29/2018Learning how to hire  a ghostwriter for your project can be daunting for some. Working on a book with another person is about sharing thoughts and opinions, solving problems and mind-melding. It can all add up to a somewhat intimate experience - and finding someone you  can trust with that connection (who also has the experience to pull off your book) isn't easy. If you approach the ghost-hunting process in the right way, you'll eventually land yourself with an amazing collaborator. And with this post, acclaimed ghost  Toni Robino will show you how to do it right.Step 1. Know what to expectToni Robino is one of North America’s most sought-after â€Å"ghosts† and collaborators for leading publishers, with titles on the New York Times best-seller list. In addition to writing, she teaches BookWalk: Journey from Dream to Publication, a virtual writing program where new authors learn how to write their best books - step-by-step.If you have any other questions or thoughts, just drop us a message in the comments below.

Learn How to Conjugate Réduire (to Reduce) in French

Learn How to Conjugate Rà ©duire (to Reduce) in French Rà ©diure  is the French verb that means to reduce. This should be pretty easy to remember because the English and French words are so similar. What happens when you want to say reduced or reducing? Thats when youll need to know  rà ©duires conjugations and this lesson will show you the basics. The Basic Conjugations of  Rà ©duire The French language gives us more forms of verbs to learn then we have in English. Thats because the verb changes with every subject pronoun within each tense. This means you more words to memorize. That is only one challenge in French verb conjugations, though. Words like  rà ©duire  pose another because they dont follow any of the normal rules.  Rà ©duire  is an  irregular verb, though all  French verbs ending in  -uire  are conjugated this way. To make this easier, consider studying a few at the same time. As with any conjugation, we begin with the verb stem. In this case, that is  rà ©dui-. From there, we add a variety of endings to match the tense with the subject pronoun. As an example,  je rà ©duis  means I am reducing while  nous rà ©duisions  means we reduced. Present Future Imperfect je rduis rduirai rduisais tu rduis rduiras rduisais il rduit rduira rduisait nous rduisons rduirons rduisions vous rduisez rduirez rduisiez ils rduisent rduiront rduisaient The Present Participle of  Rà ©duire The present participle of rà ©duire is also irregular in that it adds an - sant ending to the radical. This produces the word rà ©duisant. Rà ©duire  in the Compound Past Tense The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a compound past tense and its used often in French. It requires the  past participle  rà ©duit  along with the present tense conjugate of the auxiliary verb  avoir. This forms phrases such as  jai rà ©duit  for I reduced and  nous avons rà ©duit  for we reduced. More Simple Conjugations of  Rà ©duire There are a few more basic conjugations you may need of  rà ©duire  at times and each has its own usage. For example,  the subjunctive  questions whether the act of reducing took place. Similarly,  the conditional  says the reduction will only happen under certain conditions. The passà © simple  and  the imperfect subjunctive  are literary tenses and found most often in formal writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je rduise rduirais rduisis rduisisse tu rduises rduirais rduisis rduisisses il rduise rduirait rduisit rduist nous rduisions rduirions rduismes rduisissions vous rduisiez rduiriez rduistes rduisissiez ils rduisent rduiraient rduisirent rduisissent For direct statements, commands, and requests when you dont want to mince words, you can use  the French imperative. When doing so, skip the subject pronoun, simplifying  tu rà ©duis  to  rà ©duis. Imperative (tu) rduis (nous) rduisons (vous) rduisez

What Culture Fears do the Antagonists of Ridley Scott's Alien Movie Review

What Culture Fears do the Antagonists of Ridley Scott's Alien Represent - Movie Review Example The main actors of the film are Sigourney Weaver (Ripley), Tom Skerrit (Dallas), Veronica Catwright (Lambert), John Hurt (Kane), Ian Holm (Ash), Bolaji Badejo (Alien), Yaphet Kotto (Parker) and Harry Dean Station (Brett) (IMBD). The movie holds many symbolic cultural and economic representations of the 1970s essentially through the portrayal of the antagonists. During 1970’s the Feminist movements were wide spread. Women in America were fighting for Equal Rights Amendment in US constitution. Over 1000 people were involved in the Equal Right Amendment Extension march of 1978. In this background Alien shows the gender role reversal in the form of tough female protagonist (Ripley) who finally slays the alien at the end. Again in a scene from the film, Ash refers to the alien creatures as Kane’s son thus implying him to be a mother. The success of the film was due to its embodiment of feminism. During that time in America, sexually transmitted disease was wide spread. It af fected nearly 40% of sexually active individuals of that time. In the movie this issue was also addressed. The Alien was born through the penetration of the host Kane and Ripley made it a point to use quarantine for fear of infection. Ash, the android in the movie signifies the way how technology is getting beyond human control. The movie released a short time after the partial nuclear meltdown at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania and this event changed the way how people viewed this movie. In 1979 America experienced second oil crisis because of disrupted production and Iranian revolution and so there was a continuous oil price increase and there was a fear among the people that there would be no more oil or gasoline left. The movie portrays this fear of the people and shows that the crew’s mission was to bring mineral ore from distant places in the galaxy and to return them to earth (Alien: Film analysis). There are many sexual imageries and connotat ions in the film. Alien  screenwriter Dan O’Bannon spells it out himself: "One thing that people are all disturbed about is sex... I said 'That's how I'm going to attack the audience; I'm going to attack them sexually. And I'm not going to go after the women in the audience, I'm going to attack the men. I am going to put in every image I can think of to make the men in the audience cross their legs. Homosexual oral rape, birth. The thing lays its eggs down your throat, the whole number† (Dietle). The human crew members who invaded the alien ship are in effect the ‘man sized sperm crawling’ through it. The birth of the alien holds another story. The filmmakers presented the birth in a violent manner and it was representing the men’s ignorant ideas about pregnancy and birth (Dietle). Alien is not just a sci-fi monster movie. The distinct part of Alien is the way in which the alien encounter is destabilized by an inclusion of provoking themes like hig h technology and human sexuality. James H. Kavanagh interpreted the film within a Marxist framework. Judith Newton has reappraised the film in the light of contemporary feminist discourse and Barbara Creed had applied Freudian concepts of sexuality to it (Pimley, 3). Although the film employs a familiar and traditional scenario, the themes of technology and sexuality explored in Alien anticipate the new wave, displaying a newfound interest and concern for the human body that would become a defining feature of 1980s science fiction. It was to be a decade during which the boundaries

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business Environment - Essay Example This essay talks that the ability of organizations to succeed in the global business environment is related to a series of factors, including the resources available, the organizational objectives and the network of each firm’s strategic alliances, both locally and globally. At this point, the following problem has appeared: is the global business environment able to affect organizational performance? The performance of a Multinational Enterprise in the context of the global business environment is explored in this paper. Reference is made to Toyota and the challenges that the particular organization faces under the pressures by the global business environment. This report makes a conclusion that the success of Toyota in the global market cannot be doubted. However, the stabilization in the firm’s productivity, as reflected in the financial results of the organization presented in section 4 above, leads to the following assumption: for the last years, i.e. from 2010 onwards the firm has been unable to improve its performance, meaning that it has not been able in competing effectively. The conditions in the international business environment, as explained above using the PESTLE analysis are highly responsible for the specific outcome. In this condition, it can be stated that the power of the firm in the global automotive industry is threatened, since a decline in the firm’s profits is always possible to start. Therefore, the stabilization and the future growth of the firm is depended on the review and the update of its strategic priorities, according to the trends in the international business environment, as analyzed above.

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business ethics - Essay Example Cookson Group plc is a leading multinational company dealing with material science relating to substances as well as chemicals that are required in the production processes of industries such as steel and electronics among others. Moreover, the company is facilitated with enhanced technical services as well as with better R&D facilities. Furthermore, the company performs business activities based on ethical standards as well as quality (Cookson Group plc., 2011). The discussion will emphasize upon critically analysing the code of conduct of Cookson Group plc. Moreover, identification of three major components that demonstrates the values as well as the business ethics of the group will also be portrayed in the discussion. Critical Analysis of Code Code of conduct of different companies signifies that the employees of the companies are required to perform their respective functions complying with the moral standards as well as the values. It has been apparently observed that several c ompanies have given much importance to improve ethical performance within the workplace for encouraging the employees to perform their activities in an ethical manner. Moreover, codes of conduct are viewed to be the statements of values as well as ethical standards of companies. Furthermore, code of conduct provides terms as well as conditions in accordance with the operations of a company that are required to be conducted. It also provides standards for sustaining a better environment as well as in maintaining health as well as safety of products or services that offers by a company. Codes of conduct are formulated on the basis of certain specific sector or issues with the motive of minimising or eliminating those issues as well as to improve performances of those sectors (Mamic, 2004). Code of conduct generally comprises certain major components such as code of ethics and value statements among others. A code of conduct generally signifies a written statement stating the behaviour which is to be adopted by the employees while performing their individual functions within a company. Furthermore, code represents the desire of the management of a company to implement certain specific policies as well as values for conducting business operations in an efficient manner (Venugopalan, 2011). There are varied factors that influence code of conduct which comprise corporate culture prevailing in the working environment of a company as well as standards that are utilised for measuring behaviour of the employees as well as the performances of a company. It has been viewed that code of conduct primarily depends upon the resources that are utilised for monitoring as well as implementing the procedures within a company. Training facilities provided to employees can also be considered to be an influencing factor of code in a company. Furthermore, communication system as well as flow of information in the workplace of a company determines company’s code of conduct (Mam ic, 2004). Code of conduct is required to be developed with an appropriate language. In this similar context, code of conduct of a company is required to be communicated in languages which will be appropriate for the audiences such as customers and investors among others worldwide. Code of conduct represents certain values as well as standa

Sociological and Biological Constructs of Health

Sociological and Biological Constructs of Health CONTENTS Introduction1 Section 1 Definition of health and illness-2 Evaluate Sociological and biological constructs of health3 Section 2 Structural patterns in inequality in modern Britain-4 Evaluation of unequal distribution of illness5 Section 3 Factors that reduce the freedom of health care -6 Structures of healthcare service that might affect individuals7 Section 4 Conclusion8 Section 5 Reference-9 Introduction This report aims to understand and analyse the different definitions of health and illness in different perspectives, evaluate them and identify structural patterns in inequality in Modern Britain. It also evaluates unequal distribution of illness from different perspectives among different groups. It identifies problems that might occur in accessing health care among different groups in modern Britain. Finally it evaluates changes in healthcare services and the structures, and how this might affect different groups in the society. DIFINING HEALTH AND ILLNESS The speech â€Å"Beauty lies in the eyes of the beholder,† can be used to define my own version of health and illness as to what our views are about health and illness. For example I view health as been strong and healthy enough to carry out my daily chores, on the contrary inability to achieve it will be blamed on my physical health. So how do people view health and illness? World health organisation (1946) defines health as the mental and physical wellbeing. On the other hand illness will be the defined as lack of mental and physical wellbeing. The biopsychosocial model view health and illness as the interaction between biomedical, social and psychological factors. Biomedical refers to genetic factors such as inherited conditions and physiological changes of individuals, psychologically how we manifest our feelings and thought and socially how we socialise and communicate with persons and group of persons in the society as a whole. The interaction with all of these factors, coupled with cultural differences among different groups of people in Britain will influence the way we view health and illnesses. Holistic model view health and illness by taking into account the whole person, which includes the person’s body, spirit and mind. This mode is much more individualised to the person involved and rarely take into account wider picture and the social and environmental factors that might possibly influence health and illness across various cultures. Biomedical models defines health and illness by using scientific measure to determine if a person is ill or not, as they believe that illness is caused by physical factors, such as physiological changes in the body and inherited genes, in case of mental health causes might be referred to neurotransmitters defect, biochemistry which might be linked to high increase of dopamine to the frontal cortex of the brain and so on. As such blood test, analysis and series of test are carried out to identify the causes and this may enable them to classify the illness and provide appropriate treatment through the use of drugs to control or cure the condition. Biomedical model view human body as a machine, in real sense machines do develop a mechanical fault and will require fixing up. This is how biomedical model view the body, at a point it might break down and require fixing up through surgery or drugs. Sociological model believes that health and illness are caused by factors outside of the physiological changes in the body. This model attributes causes of ill health to poverty and inequality, socio standard of behaviour and communication in the society. Sociological model view health to be socially constructed in the society to control people. They also believe that different factors such as psychological, political, social, economic, biological, and culture and environment influenced the way people view health in the society. Health is not an easy term to define. For some it encompasses mental health, for others physical and mental health are compartmentalized. A perception of health or mental health is not only defined within the medical context, but it is also defined by the patient within a sociocultural context that includes family and social network as well as a wide selection of potential providers. Such definitions may vary from one culture to another, Warwick-Boot (2012). Biomedical models does have some advantages as it enable the medical team to carry out series of medical test to find out any physiological changes. However, scientifically, there has been no expansion of drug innovation, old drugs have been manufactured under different names doing the same thing as previous drugs. This raise concern if these drug manufacturers are neutral to the medical teams. Areas with major health concerns and needs are been neglected and drugs budget have been dramatically reduced due to the poverty conditions of these groups for the fact that they might not make a lot of profit, this refers to the medical professionals as iatrogenesis meaning they are the cause of health problems. The benefit of Sociological model is that it takes into account the factors outside of the physiological changes in the body such as psychological, political, social, economic, biological, culture and environment when viewing health and illness. The down side to it is that way cultures and different groups view health and illness changes over time. For example once homosexuality was viewed as illness and now it is normal in a society. Section 2 Ethnicity According to M. Senior, B Viveash (1998) refers to ethnicity as a way of life, behaviour that one acts on to make a sense of their cultural identity in a particular group in the society as a whole. Movement in and out of Britain have made Britain into more diversified cultural society today, to those who preserved it. Though several ethnic minorities are small, but in some cases there are larger ones in some demographic region like Brent in London. This makes it more obvious for a particular health need to be cared for in an area where ethnic groups are concentrated in. The biological model often refers to the features which makes up the physical look of a person such as their skin colour to classify them into a group. Why the sociologists distinguishes people according to their ethnic groups. The artefact explanations strongly believe that there are specific health and illnesses associated within different ethnic groups. The sociologists have great concern in understanding why some certain health and illnesses are associated with different ethnic groups. Such as Afro-Caribbean linked with high rate of sickle cell anaemia an inherited blood disorder, why the White European have a high rate of haemophilia a disorder that prevents the clotting of blood and might cause someone to bleed to death if quick medical emergency intervention is not carried out on time. Also Asians are associated with high rate of heart diseases and so forth. It is important to examine the way ethnic groups have distributed themselves in the demographic regions of Britain to enable us to account for their numbers in a particular area, whether they are minor or large such as ethnic group in Brent in London, understand some health related issues associated with these specific groups and outline the health care needs of the majority of the local people in the society. Health inequalities exist among different groups. In this case among ethnic groups. Ethnicity and Culture According to Public Health Action Support (2011) there is evidence of documentation within ethnic inequalities in health outcomes in the UK. There are difficulties with the approach and measurement of ethnicity as to what the causes might be as outlined below. Ethnicity is regarded as a fluid concept, because it entails different meanings within different contexts. For example, an individual from Pakistan might consider himself as a Pakistani when filling out a form in the UK surveys, when filling out a form in the US might consider himself Asian. The definition of ethnicity is influenced by historical value and the current social and political context (Bradby, 2003). As definitions of ethnicity changes classifications such as race, skin colour, language, religion, nationality, country of origin, and culture do not change. These have limitations and implications in accessing health. Often reason for research are not clearly stated. Bhopal (1997) claims that ethnicity is a euphemism for race. Review of the literature, Comstock and colleagues (2004) found that researchers failed to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity. Reliability and validity of measurements of ethnicity are huge concern to the society as a whole. Assigned ethnic identities may not match individual identities which threatens the validity of the research. Comparisons over time cannot reflect mixed ethnic identities. Finally classifying people as black, white, or Asian may mask differences associated between different groups of people. Ellison (2005). For the fact Ethnicity is not written on UK death certificates, and mortality data uses country of birth as a proxy, this systems fail to recognise ethnic minorities that are born in the UK. Findings on ethnic inequalities in mortality (Kelly Nazroo, 2008): Caribbean’s born in the UK have high rates of mortality from stroke. Men born in the Caribbean have low rates of mortality from coronary heart disease. Born in West/South Africa you may have high mortality rates from stroke, but low mortality rates from coronary heart disease. If born in South Asia you may have high mortality rates form coronary heart disease and stroke. Non-white individuals may have low mortality rates from respiratory disease and lung cancer, but high mortality rates of diabetes. Table 1: Analyses the rates of mortality by country of origin, England and Wales, 1989-1992. Source: Wild and McKeigue (1997:705) in Bartly (2004) Explanations for ethnic inequalities in health include: Biased results of statistical artefact. Illness are blamed on migrationprocess (change of environment). Genetic and biological differencesbetween ethnic groups may be a factor. It is associated with different culture and health behaviours. Poverty Experiences of various forms of racial abuse leads to health problems. Unequal treatment by the health care system in Britain. Ethnic inequalities in health care access still persist in NHS. The inverse care law, first described by Julian Tudor Hart in 1971, states: The availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need for it in the population served. Goddard and Smith (2001) outline reasons for variations in access to health care: Availability:Some health care services may not be available to some population groups, or clinicians may have different propensities to offer treatment to patients from different population groups, even where they have identical needs. Quality: The quality of services offered to patients may vary between population groups. Costs:The health care services may impose costs (financial or otherwise) which vary between population groups. Information:The health care organisations may fail to ensure that all population groups are equally aware of the services available. The sociological perspectives to illness varies. The functionalism expects a large population to have division of labour as no one is self -sufficient to ensure that the society functions in an orderly manner. They also encourage people to seek and comply with medical advice for speedy recovery so as to return back to work. They understands people have to work, and people do not claim to be ill deliberately and as such should not be punished. This perspective do aim to protect workers from been abused or punished by their employer due to ill health, however they do overstate the importance of the doctors who have the power to make or break a patient which leads to lots of medical errors referred to as iatrogenesis. There could also be dependency on drugs to force people back to work. Marxism examine the economic systems of the capitalist society that shapes the society as a whole. As such the society is divided into two social groups which are the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. Bourgeoisie the private property owners and those that owns the means of production and create bogus profit are believed to have greater influences in the rules of the society. Why the proletariat (labourers), those who work for the bourgeoisie are been manipulated to believe that they are in a fair system. Marxism ideology encourages us to question the motives of the doctors as they intend to serve the rich people of the society. Due to the need to access healthcare and it is made available to the proletariat they have been made to believe that illness is a personal issue rather than socially constructed. Marxism does not acknowledge the the interaction between doctors patient and also they ignore the sickness and employment benefit offered by the capitalist states. Feminism views thinks men dominate the medical professions and make decisions about a woman’s body which affects women. They also feel that lack of understanding of a natural process of childbirth have been labelled to be a medical condition. Exhaustion from a new role as a mum, have also been labelled as depression. They also think why are women contraception over emphasized? And men left out. This explains the inequality and the patriarchy world we are in today. The interactionist views are that individuals attaches meaning to their own behaviour as well as others they also feel illness differ from person one person to person, even when they are diagnosed with the same condition. They are not always in compliance with the medical team that is why a dialogue is needed for mutual agreement between the doctor and the patient. Sometimes the doctors do not come to terms with a patient if they complain of a particular illness, and sometimes doctors label people with illness which affect the psyche of people’s mind and then making them psychosomatic by acting out those symptoms. If we look at post natal depression as an illness diagnosed by a medical team from all of this prospective we can see that the functionist view conforms to this by giving the medical team the power to label this individual, which results to administration of drugs that eventually will become tranquillizers which leads to dependency with much more side effects. From the Marxism point of view people will be brainwashed to accept the fact that they are suffering from this illness due to their personal physiological changes rather than socially constructed issues of the society as a whole. The feminist does not see post natal depression as an illness, rather they feel it is a natural process for a woman to become sore after the birth of a baby as they may have had episiotomy, sore breast, sleepless nights for caring for a new born, instead of labelling it and interrupting a natural process by medication, they feel the patriarchy medical team should understand things better from a womanâ €™s point of view. Finally post natal depression may be viewed as labelling an individual which into may utter their psyche and may begin to manifest the symptoms, they feel labelling someone may actually make them worse off. Can you think of human behaviours or conditions that have recently been mediatised? Think about what makes a person disabled? Write down some physical symptoms and then discuss how these can be ‘enabled’ in our society Section 3 Definitions of Health, Illness and Sickness http://nccc.georgetown.edu/body_mind_spirit/definitions_health_sickness.html __________________________________________ Warwick ____________________________________________________ Michael Senior with Bruce V Health Knowledge Inequalities in the distribution of health and health care http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology-policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/inequalities-distribution. Public Health Action Support 2011