Blessings Of Liberty And Education By Frederick Douglass

Some men know the value of education by having it. I know its value by not having it. –Blessings of Liberty and Education (1894) In Frederick Douglass’ narrative he writes about his childhood memories while he was enslaved including memories from different owners and overseers.He talks about the multiple different plantations he had lived on. He includes his memories of the terrible treatment of his family and fellow slaves as well as memories of being in communications with them. In his narrative, he criticizes many aspects of slavery however he focuses on the inhumanity of slavery. By criticizing the inhumanity of slavery Douglass demonstrates that becoming literate enabled him to discover his self-pride which helped him become a†¦show more content†¦He was realizing how before he had been taught to read he too blind to the injustice that the slave owners put them under. Hugh Auld teaches Douglass why it is so important that a slave must remain ignorant, bec ause if they didn’t understand the oppression that they were under they would feel no need to rebel against the slave owners. Douglass realizes this and thinks to himself. â€Å"Though conscious of the difficulty of learning without a teacher, I set out with high hope, and a fixed purpose, at whatever cost of trouble, to learn how to read †¦ might rely with the utmost confidence on the results which, he said, would flow from teaching me to read† (20) Because he realizes the importance of education Douglass is set on finishing learning to read and write. Despite the struggles he knows he will have to go through to gain his education because to educate a slave is illegal, he believes that it is through becoming literate that he will be able to escape slavery and become a freeman. Douglass demonstrates the importance of his education through being dedicated to teaching himself how to read and write. He discovers the power of education, through Mr. Auld being so dedi cated to prohibiting Douglass to read he is enabled to comprehend the power of education especially in its ability to keep millions of people enslaved. Douglass’ ability to read and write makes it so he is able to discover his self-pride. While Douglass is living with Mr. Auld again heShow MoreRelatedThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states that southern slavesRead MoreThe Truth : Early American Assumptions Uncovered1572 Words   |  7 PagesAssumptions Uncovered The â€Å"Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass† is the story of Frederick Douglass’ life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. When Douglass wrote this book, slavery was still legal in a large portion of the United States. After Douglass’ escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. In â€Å"The Blessings of Slavery†, by George Fitzhugh he states thatRead MoreSlavery And African American Society1184 Words   |  5 Pagesoppressed by the chains of slavery, education is a rarity. To oppressors, keeping slaves ignorant is ideal. African-American social reformer, Frederick Douglass, experienced the bondage of slavery and the influence education held in regards to gaining his freedom. Education was a major force for social change with regard to to slavery and African-American rights. Slavery is only possible because of the influence of education. In his autobiography, Frederick Douglass writes of his experience as he gainedRead MoreKey Arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass1154 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass†. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. While Frederick Douglass made some key arguments, he also made common ground to make his appeal for the abolition of slavery. One of the key arguments in â€Å"The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† as well as in other narratives about slaves is inequality. Douglass attempts to show us how AfricanRead MoreFreedom And Liberty By Frederick Douglass948 Words   |  4 Pagesgroups seeking their acceptance into society. Frederick Douglass, an American slave during the 1800s, is one of the first slaves to seek his freedom during this time and goes on to explain how within his novel The Narrative of Frederick Douglass. The idea of freedom, in Douglass’s eyes, changes drastically throughout his story as a slave. He first makes the connection of inequality as a young boy which sets into action a course of events for Douglass to discover what freedom truly is. ThroughoutRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Frederick Douglass1167 Words   |  5 Pagescolonist forbid the liberty that slaves could have the qualification to attain literacy---fearing that the increase in literacy will oppose a threat on the institute of slavery, the colonist themselves, and emit true political sovereignty. As a result of this mental genocide, slaves had been dependent on their masters. There were exceptions. Slaves were discouraged to acquire critical literacy however, whites forcibly taught the slaves about Christianity. Frederick Douglass, a notable abolitionistRead MoreFrederick Douglass : An Influential Leader Of The Abolitionist Movement1531 Words   |  7 PagesFrederick Douglass was born into slavery in the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland. He moved around many plantations. He was not raised by his parents and he received no education. From the start, Douglass’ life was destined for him to live and die a slave and have no meaningful impact on society. Despite these horrific conditions, Frederick Douglass became one of the most influential leaders of the abolitionist movement. This was largely because of his commitment to self education, his reliance on nonviolenceRead MoreFrederick Do uglass Thesis1344 Words   |  6 PagesIn a Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: An American Slave written by himself, the author argues that no one can be enslaved if he or she has the ability to read, write, and think. Douglass supports his claim by first providing details of his attempts to earn an education, and secondly by explaining the conversion of a single slaveholder. The author’s purpose is to reveal the evils of slavery to the wider public in order to gain support for the abolition of his terrifying practice. BasedRead MoreThe Narrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass Essay1730 Words   |  7 Pagesblackness as apart of their identity and often experience pain due to society s estimation of their inferiority due to their blackness. The â€Å"Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass† is about how Frederick Douglass overcomes the struggles of slavery. The experience of slavery is a continuous fight for identity and respect. Douglass, as well a s Sophie Auld struggle with identity. In the first paragraph of Douglass’s Narrative, he introduces the audience with his situation: I was born in TuckahoeRead MoreLiterature as Resistance in the Anti-Slavery Movement Essay3309 Words   |  14 Pagesthus hopefully present a convincing anti-slavery argument and to arouse an abolitionist sentiment within her audience. MARIA W. STEWART Maria W. Stewarts Lecture Delivered at Franklin Hall calls for African-Americans to strive for higher education and Christian living. Stewarts writing includes frequent biblical references and has a clearly Christian focus. She was a contributor to William Lloyd Garrisons abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator. Stewarts Religion and the Pure Principles of

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The oceans cover a little more than 70 per centum of the Earth surface. This makes it the universes largest solar energy aggregator and energy storage system. On an mean twenty-four hours, 60 million square kilometres if tropical seas absorb and sum of solar radiation equal in heat content to about 250 million barrels of oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The history of world, have depended upon its ability to suppress the forces of nature, and to use these forces to function its demands. Energy engineering is surely one of the most of import factors in the outgrowth of world as the dominant species of this works. The innovation of the practical steam engine by James W, brought about development of big mills, steam ships and the steam engine. First wood was used, so coal. About the same clip, the usage of coal instigated progresss in metallurgy.petroleum from natural ooze has been used since ancient times for lighting, lubrication and sealing. The debut of boring for oil greatly increased the supply of oil. The industrial revolution switches in to high cogwheel. One job is that the natural ooze is limited and in a few old ages the elements will be used. The development of atomic power was touted as the replies to all world ‘s energy sufferings. It non turned out that manner. The riddance of authorities subsidies for atomic powe r workss has made them rather unaffordable. When it went so bad no insure in the universe will compose catastrophe for atomic power works The construct of OTEC ( ocean thermal energy transition ) has existed for over a century as fantasised by Jules Verne in 1870 and conceptualised by Gallic physicist, Jacques arsene 500 arsonval in 1881. Despite this an operating OTEC power installation was non developed until the 1920 ‘s. 2.2 WHAT IS OTEC OTEC, ocean thermic energy transition is an energy engineering that converts solar radiation to electric power. OTEC systems use the ocean ‘s natural thermic gradient, accordingly the temperature difference between the warm surface H2O and the cold deep H2O below 600 meters by about 20’c, an OTEC system can bring forth, a significantly sum of power. The oceans are therefore a huge renewable resource ; with the potency to assist us in the OTEC procedure is besides rich in foods and it can be used to civilization both marine being and works life near the shore or on land The entire inflow of solar energy into Earth is of 1000s of clip as a great as world entire energy usage. All of our coal, oil and natural gas are the consequence of the gaining control of solar energy by life of the yesteryear. There have been, any undertakings for tackling solar energy, but most have non been successful because they attempt to capture the energy straight. The thought behind OTEC is the usage of all a natural aggregators, the Se, alternatively of unreal aggregator. 2.3 HOW OTEC WORKS Warm H2O is collected on the surface of the tropical ocean and pumped by a warm H2O pump. The H2O is pumped through the boiler, where some of the H2O is used to heat the working fluid, normally propane or some similar stuff. The propane vapor expands through a turbine which is coupled to a generator that bring forthing electric power. Cold H2O from the underside is pumped through the capacitor, where the vapor returns to the liquid province. The fluid is pumped back into the boiler. Some little fraction of the power from the turbine is used to pump the H2O through the system and to power other internal operations, but most of it is available as net power. There are two different sorts of OTEC power workss, the land based and the natation works. First, land based power workss, the land based pilot works will dwell of a edifice. This edifice will incorporate the heat money changers, turbines, generators and controls. It will be connected to the ocean via several pipes, and an tremendous fish farm ( 100 football countries ) by other pipes. Warm H2O is collected through a screened enclosure near to the shop. A long pipe laid on the incline collects cold H2O. Power and fresh H2O are generated in the edifice by the equipment. Used H2O if first circulated in to the marine civilization pool ( fish farm ) and so discharges by the 3rd pipe in to the ocean, downstream from the warm H2O recess. This is done so that the escape does non reenter the program, since rhenium usage of warm H2O would take down the available temperature difference. While, the other OTEC power workss is drifting power workss, the drifting power works works in the same mann er as the land based the evident different is that the natation works is drifting. Where really OTEC can be used, OTEC can be sited anyplace across about 60 million squares kilometers of tropical oceans anyplace there is deep cold H2O lying under warm surface H2O this by and large means between the tropic of malignant neoplastic disease and the tropic of Capricorn. Surface H2O is these parts, warmed by the Sun, by and large stys at 25 grades Celsius or supra. Ocean H2O more than 1000 metres below the surface is by and large at approximately 4 grades C. 2.4 TYPES OF OTEC There are three types of OTEC designs: unfastened rhythm, closed rhythm and intercrossed rhythm. Closed rhythm Closed rhythm systems use unstable with a low boiling point, such as ammonium hydroxide, to revolve a turbine to bring forth electricity. Here how it works. Warm surface sea H2O is pumped through a heat money changer where the low boiling H2O point is vaporized. The spread outing vapor turns the turbo generator, so ball, deep saltwater pumped through a 2nd heat money changer condenses the vapor back into a liquid, which is so recycle through the system Open rhythm Open rhythm OTEC uses the tropical oceans warm surface H2O to do electricity. When warm saltwater is placed in a low force per unit area container, it boils. The spread outing steam drives a low force per unit area turbine attached to an electrical generator. The steam, which has left its slat behind in the low force per unit area container, is about pure fresh H2O. It is condensed back into a liquid by exposure to cold temperature from deep oceans H2O Hybrid rhythm Hybrid system combines the characteristic of both the closed rhythm an unfastened rhythm system. In a intercrossed system, warm saltwater enters a vacuity chamber where it is brassy evaporated into steam, similar to the unfastened rhythm vaporization procedure. The steam vaporizes a low boiling point fluid that drives a turbine to bring forth electricity 2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF OTEC The advantages of OTEC is the utilizations OF OTEC is clean, renewable, its natural resource. Warm surface saltwater and cold H2O from the ocean deepnesss replace fossil fuels to bring forth electricity. Second, its appropriately designed OTEC workss will bring forth small or no C dioxide or other pollutant chemical Third, OTEC system can bring forth fresh H2O every bit good as electricity. This is a important adapted in island countries where fresh H2O is limited, other there is adequate solar energy received and stored in the warm tropical ocean ‘s surface bed to supply most, if non all, of present human energy demands and last the usage of OTEC as a beginning of electricity will assist cut down the province about complete dependance on imported fossil fuels. The disadvantages of OTEC is produced electric at present would be more than electricity generated from fossil fuels at theirs current costs. Second, OTEC workss must be located were a difference of about 20 ; degree Celsius occurs twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Ocean deepnesss must be available reasonably near to shore based installations for economics operation. Floating works ships could supply more flexibleness. Third, there is no energy company will set money in this undertaking because it merely has been tested in really smell graduated table and last, the building of OTEC workss and lying of pipes in coastal H2O may do localized harm to reefs and near shore Marine ecosystems. 2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF OTEC OTEC systems are, for the most portion, environmentally benign. Although inadvertent escape of closed rhythm working fluids can present a jeopardy, under normal conditions, the lone wastewaters are the assorted saltwater discharges and dissolved gases that come out of solution when sea H2O is depressurized. Although the measures of outgassed species may be important for big OTEC systems, with the exclusion of C dioxide, these species are benign. Carbon dioxide is a nursery gas and can impact planetary clime ; nevertheless, OTEC systems release one or two orders of magnitude less C dioxide than comparable dodo fuel power workss and those emanations may be sequestered easy in the ocean or used to excite marine biomass production. OTEC assorted saltwater discharges will be at lower temperatures than sea H2O at the ocean surface. The discharges will besides incorporate high concentrations of foods brought up with the deep sea H2O and may hold a different salt. It is of import ; hence, th at release back into the ocean is conducted in a mode that minimizes unintended alterations to the ocean assorted bed biology and avoids bring oning long-run surface temperature anomalousnesss. Analysiss of OTEC wastewater plumes suggest that discharge at deepnesss of 50-100 m should be sufficient to guarantee minimum impact on the ocean environment. Conversely, the nutrient-rich OTEC discharges could be exploited to prolong open-ocean Mari civilization How to cite Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Otec Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Essay Topic Drawing from Current Literature Example For Students

Essay Topic: Drawing from Current Literature Drawing from Current Literature, Discuss the Relationship Between Pay and Performance Motivation. By antennas The effectiveness of an organization leans on a lot of forces. One really important force is the work team. The work team is the people who work for the production. So, we can easily understand that to achieve an organization their goals have to collect the right workers (persons who have the right knowledge and skills) for a specific work position and to train them correctly, seeing that the organization use the right systems Of organizing. But there is another important force that he businesses must not forget: its the persons disposition to attribute. We talk about I can and want. A basic part Of managerial executive is to make their collaborators to be in mood to want to attribute. The need of incitement for the workers flow from the incident that the work sometimes may be boring, without interest. The central meaning of the word incitement is the motivation. Motivation is an internal power that becomes from the needs. B. Barbells and G. Steiner appoint the meaning of motivation as an internal state which activate and direct the behavior to objectives, The above definition make us understand hat motivations its a decisive element. There is important to Launderettes that motivations have an immediate relevance with the human behavior and it is much more complex than many people believe. But throughout the motivations we can not explain the human behavior. The humanity has been characterized from a huge number of motivation- needs that specify not only from humans nature, but also from the environment where they live and develop. The point is how hard people strive to understand their work tasks, together with the factors that can have an effect on their hard work. In this report we are going to analyze how pay can be a motivation in a work context and the relationship between pay and performance motivation. The payment for a business has a decisive role. First Of all helps the organization to attract the competent candidates, and after that, to keep them in the business. Secondly, the payment its a very strong force because has a great influence at workers attribution. Payment considers every kind of reward to the worker with exchange his tries to achieve the organization goals. Payment consists of: I _ The immediate economical eve: its about the salaries, wages, and the bonuses. . The indirect economical eve: its about the profits like the payments for vacations, permissions and life safeties. Every kind Of business to have the control Of the labor cost, need to use a clear payment system. All the organizations regardless of the payment system that use strive to some specific Objects: Have competitive wages and salaries, to attract the most suitable candidates. To control the labor costs. To pay good attribution stages. To observe the legislative layouts. To decrease the rates of retirements. The policy of salaries or wages and the payment system for every business ecocide the higher administration. But responsible for that policy (that must be fair, competitive, and prompt the workers) is the human resource management. When a person decides to wo rk the reason why is not only economical but also for their social and psychological needs, But can a person cover his social, physical, psychological needs with his salary? Is the payment equal to his work? The workers estimate their salary as a meter of their good attribution. So we can say that the payment for them its a goal, that they try to achieve, and they are waiting from their managers to recognize their work. However the payment lassies the person to the society. Its a criterion for persons value. As much as a person deserve, so much its his payment. By telling a person deserve we mean his accomplishments: knowledge, experience, skills. All the businesses and usually the private sector, in their try to actuate and reward their workers for a specific result attainment, they provide them motivations and bonuses. Language Literature Coursework: Shakespeare; Romeo Juliet EssayPay can provide a positive motivation it the organization use it in the right way and under the right circumstances. That happens not only because people need money to satisfy their personal needs, but also because money may provide recognition. Furthermore any kind of reward and motivation must reflect the changes in culture that an organization is accept. But in some cases pay may be a strong denominator, if the money package is poorly constructed or the organization are not introduce it, in the right way. For this reason motivations must be clear constructed and quantitative. V-Rutherford, when a motivation system is selected, the organization must identify which point the employees can inflect the measure of performance And if a motivation is furlong then no other motivation will work. That happens because then, the employees feel that their targets it is unattainable. Summing up, in this report, we analyze two really important definitions, and the relationship between them. We talked about pay; a decisive force not only in a work context. Every person determines in a different way the importance of his/ her salary. However, it is clear that everyone via the financial amount that he defeats tend to satisfy some needs. We can classify that needs to basic (for example the survival need) and to personal- psychological (for example the need for recognition or acceptance). Conscious or not, every person classifies him/ her self in a position to the society where he/ she lives proportional to the height of his/ her salary, From the above, we can easily understand how important and complex is tort a cuisines to appoint a persons salary (with base the human element). However, its also important for an organization. First of all, the organization examines the height of the salary, which can offer, proportional to a specific job position, Also, another important term that we analyze is the motivations. A company, usually, introduced a motivation system, strive to the persons maximum productivity. Every business can choose the way of incitement from financial motivations (like bonuses) or benefits (for example the promotion of an employee). In my personal opinion, the extra money is the biggest motivation, and its ally attractive for an employee. For sure every person has different standards and different expectations. Money hasnt the same importance for everyone. Someone may be more interested in important personal elements, which we said before, and that does not mean that this person is not interested in money. Yet, believe that nowadays, even we want to accept it or not, the factor that thrust the person to work is money. Especially, when the company offers rewards to the employees. Then the person may be selfish and more competitive to his, her colleagues than he/ she has to be. I just think that everyone of us can moderate it, with basic advantage the mature. There are also important goods that somebody could strive to his/ her work, such as the development of his/ her knowledge or to work with the task that he/ she likes, regardless of the money. In my opinion, if somebody achieve this, the personal needs and the feelings could be more important than that which could otter him/ her a financial amount. Day by day the environment where we live and develop, make us more materialist. So, it would be really helpful our manipulation, and see more realistic the situation which we create.

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering Essay Example

Study Plan for Chemical Engineering Essay Chemical Engineering and its importance Advertisements Chemical engineering has a number of applications in our day to day lives. This course is offered to students at the graduate and postgraduate levels. Upon the accomplishment of their studies, individuals can apply for jobs with firms of the private or public sector firms. Placement opportunities are available for aspirants within some of the prestigious Indian firms such as Reliance and Indian Oil etc. One can say that this sector is one of the many areas where one can get good jobs as well as other opportunities of the right type. In this article we are going to discuss about the importance of chemical engineering as well as its numerous applications. Importance of Chemical Engineering Areas where chemical engineering is applicable in our day to day lives include: Coal preparation and mineral processing Explosives manufacturing Fertilizer industry Food processing Glass and specialty chemicals Paints Steel and aluminum production In addition to the above mentioned areas, chemical engineering also has applications in production of electronics, clothing, paper and photographic equipment etc. The scope for individuals in the field of chemical engineering is bound to grow in time. This is mainly because of industrial growth as well as the related scarcity of the resources those are required. In future years, chemical engineers will be needed to develop synthetic replacement for those resources as well as materials that are low in supply. In overall, it can be said that chemical engineers will be able to make very crucial contributions to the improvement in addition to the maintenance of the quality of our lives. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Study Plan for Chemical Engineering specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Areas where one can apply his knowledge: Although chemical engineering is relatively a new field, this field of engineering has shown a speedy expansion during the last few decades. This has in turn led to rise in importance of chemical engineering as well as the number of jobs. Career opportunities for these professionals are available with RD departments, especially in the field of energy as well in developing fields such as nanotechnology and biotechnology. Chemical Plants Petrochemical Plants Pharmaceuticals Petroleum Refining Plants Mineral Based Industries Electronics Industry Photographic Equipment Units Clothing Units Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Aircraft Industry Some Job Types Supervisor Technical Specialist Project Manager Project Engineer Teacher Researcher Environmental, Safety Regulatory Manager Quality Manager Senior Process Engineer Product Development Engineer Fuel Meter Calibration Technician In the government sector, chemical engineers can find jobs in areas where solutions for environmental problems like recycling, water treatment and others are needed. They can also get work with departments of energy conservation as well as with defense establishments. Sir William Wakeham on the Importance of Chemical Engineering Sep. 06, 2011 Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE more Sir William Wakeham, President, IChemE From Reliance Industries’ Mukesh Ambani to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher A Wide Range From Reliance Industries Mukesh Ambani and SABICs Mohammed al-Mady to stand-up comedian and perpetual watermelon smasher Gallagher, chemical engineers can be found in almost every walk of life. And if you have never heard of Gallagher, you can replace him with Dolph Lundgren, who forewent a career in chemical engineering when he found success as Ivan Drago in the movie Rocky IV). These days, chemical engineering is as diverse as the people who study it, covering areas from biotechnology to mineral processing, and its significance for the chemical industry is now more importa nt than ever. Sir William Wakeham is currently president of the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE), a global professional membership organization for people who have an interest in and relevant experience in chemical engineering. He spoke with Brandi Schuster on how the field has evolved, what IChemE does to encourage students to study chemical engineering and the importance of having chemical engineers in all levels within chemical and pharmaceutical companies. CHEManager Europe: Sir William, the term chemical engineering doesnt have quite the same meaning as maybe 50 years ago. How do you think the profession has evolved? Sir William Wakeham: These days there is much more of a focus on the word process engineering rather than chemical engineering. Often the processes involved are still chemical, but they now encompass many more things than we thought about 50 years ago. These days you have trained chemical engineers working in many process applications that arent necessarily within the traditional realm of the chemical industry. One example of that is within the pharmaceutical business, in formulation engineering. This consists of the construction of pills, which goes hand-in-hand with the drug formulations . That involves quite a lot of chemical engineering, but wouldnt have been thought of as such 50 years ago. Its a similar situation within the water industry. There is a lot of activity which could be considered process engineering, and probably most of the reactions, if there are any, are biological reactions. All in all, I think the term has been broaden quite a bit over the last several decades in order to include many more aspects and technologies. In fact, the term chemical engineer is probably being replaced by process engineer. Is the future of chemical engineering one with a very broad base? Sir William Wakeham: Yes, and in my own experience, trained chemical or process engineers are the kinds of engineers who are most able to work with other disciplines, because they have already quite a breadth in their formation as engineers. That is not quite the same for, lets say, civil engineers whose chemistry training is quite limited. Process engineers have a unique opportunity to bri ng scientists and other engineers together. Most of the big problems that the world is facing are a bit like that; people have to be brought together from different areas. What about diversity within the profession, particularly when it comes to women? Sir William Wakeham: In the UK, total chemical engineering undergraduate numbers are the most positive for womens recruitment of any engineering discipline. In the UK, about 27% of chemical engineering students are women; this is certainly a step in the right direction. What kind of activities does IChemE have to encourage more people to study chemical engineering? Sir William Wakeham: We have an enormous focus on bringing people into chemical engineering courses; this has, at least in the UK, pushed the numbers through the roof. We are particularly interested in attracting women, and one of the key elements of doing that is having women on the staff of chemical engineering departments who do the recruitment. Here in the UK, most departments have a substantial number of women on their faculty. In other areas of the world, such as in the Middle East, there are some cultural issues that are additional difficulty. However, in Malaysia, where we are also active, there are a significant number of women studying chemical engineering now. Apart from its European offices, IChemE is also represented in Asia, Africa and Australasia. Do you work towards promoting chemical engineering for women in these parts of the world as well? Sir William Wakeham: Yes. We have been using our activities in the UK as a basis, but fine-tuning it for the different cultural backgrounds. Clearly what needs to be done in Malaysia is not the same thing as what needs to be one in the UK. Our offices in these areas are usually staffed by local people, which is important for creating an understanding of the countrys needs. What is a chemical engineers role in an oil and gas industry? 2 years ago Report Abuse Shape Shape Best Answer Chosen by Voters This is a very broad question as chemical engineers (as in someone with a chemical engineering degree) can do many different engineering jobs in the oil and gas industry, but othe r engineers can do them as well. For example I know people with mechanical and chemical engineering degrees that are maintenance engineers with the same job responsibilities. The same goes for a drilling fluid engineer which could be held by people of varying background and technical degrees. A chemical engineer can be involved in all parts of the oil and gas industry from building the oil rigs, drilling the wells, pumping it out of the ground, transferring it through pipelines, separating in into usable chemicals in a refinery, and finally making petroleum based products in a chemical plant. Source(s): Chemical Engineer Where Do Chemical Engineers Fit into the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry? By Katie Horner | Comments (8) Before working for an upstream oil company, I was under the impression that chemical engineers working in oil and gas belonged in pipeline and downstream operations. For those of you not in the industry, most large, integrated oil companies consist of an upstream organization and a downstream organization. The former focuses on exploration and production and the latter refines crude petroleum into usable products (gasoline, lubricants, etc. . Within upstream, processes and departments are often separated by subsurface work and surface facility work. Generally, most ChemE’s in upstream are found on the facility side, managing projects related to tanks, pumps, pipelines and separators. Pumping Unit in Bakersfield, Ca You may be asking, what about subsurface? And, can chemical engineers contribute to a traditionally petroleum engineering realm? The a nswer is, most definitely! A reservoir is essentially a large tank filled with porous media and reservoir fluids – oil, gas and water. In order to recover oil or gas from a reservoir, chemical engineering fundamentals such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics and heat transfer must be understood and applied. Petroleum engineering is not an exact science. Precise reservoir boundaries are often unknown, PVT samples are few and far between, recovery mechanisms are sometimes unclear, and original and current oil in place is determined probabilistically. The fact is, it wouldn’t be economical to collect all of the data to make it an exact science. Without having all of the data, oil companies still have been successful in recovering resources thus far. However, we’ve picked the low hanging fruit when it comes to oil and gas resources and are moving toward environments with increased complexity – heavy oil, challenging shale plays, tight gas, deepwater exploration, etc. It’s often said that the best place to find oil is within currently or previously producing reservoirs. As we go back in and try to capture the residual oil, chemical engineering concepts will be critical in designing processes to recover these resources. Many oil or gas recovery mechanisms are well understood, such as waterfloods or gas cap expansion. Fortunately for our profession, there are areas, such as steam and polymer floods, that still need the keen eyes of engineers to model and optimize. As we attempt to tackle the current global energy challenges, oil and gas will continue to be a key factor in the equation. While the focus of many chemical engineering graduates is in alternative energy solutions, there are still plenty of opportunities for a chemical engineer to make an impact in the world of upstream oil and gas.